Featured
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Letter |
Single-cell RNA-seq identifies a PD-1hi ILC progenitor and defines its development pathway
Single-cell RNA sequencing of bone marrow innate lymphoid cell (ILC) precursors reveals that PD-1 marks a committed ILC progenitor and that ILC2 development requires Bcl11b and IL-25R expression; activated ILCs can also be depleted by a PD-1 antibody.
- Yong Yu
- , Jason C. H. Tsang
- & Pentao Liu
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Letter |
Glial-cell-derived neuroregulators control type 3 innate lymphoid cells and gut defence
Neurotrophic factors produced by enteric glia in response to microbiota and alarmin cues regulate IL-22 production by group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the gut; disruption of this pathway leads to impaired clearance of Citrobacter rodentium and defects in epithelial integrity in a model of intestinal inflammation.
- Sales Ibiza
- , Bethania García-Cassani
- & Henrique Veiga-Fernandes
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Letter |
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Noncanonical autophagy inhibits the autoinflammatory, lupus-like response to dying cells
Defects in LC3-associated phagocytosis in mice are shown to result in systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease; dying cells are engulfed but not degraded in LAP-deficient mice, resulting in increased serum levels of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines, and evidence of kidney disease.
- Jennifer Martinez
- , Larissa D. Cunha
- & Douglas R. Green
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Letter |
Tuft-cell-derived IL-25 regulates an intestinal ILC2–epithelial response circuit
Epithelial tuft cells are shown to be the source of intestinal interleukin (IL)-25 that is required for activation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), ILC2-regulated tuft and goblet cell expansion, and control of parasite infection.
- Jakob von Moltke
- , Ming Ji
- & Richard M. Locksley
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Letter |
Neutrophils support lung colonization of metastasis-initiating breast cancer cells
Neutrophils are shown to have a role in driving the metastasis of breast cancer cells to the lung, with neutrophil-derived leukotrienes promoting metastatic initiation in the lung by expanding the sub-pool of cancer cells with high tumorigenic potential.
- Stefanie K. Wculek
- & Ilaria Malanchi
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Letter |
Neutrophil ageing is regulated by the microbiome
Neutrophil ageing, which encourages inflammation and vaso-occlusion in a mouse model of sickle-cell disease, is shown to depend on the intestinal microbiota and activation of the TLR/Myd88 signalling pathways.
- Dachuan Zhang
- , Grace Chen
- & Paul S. Frenette
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Letter |
Tet2 is required to resolve inflammation by recruiting Hdac2 to specifically repress IL-6
The Tet2 enzyme, which catalyses de novo hydroxymethylation of DNA, is shown here to act as a transcriptional repressor by recruiting the histone deacetylase Hdac2 to the Il6 promoter in the course of resolution of the LPS-induced inflammatory response.
- Qian Zhang
- , Kai Zhao
- & Xuetao Cao
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Letter |
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote beiging of white adipose tissue and limit obesity
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are shown to have a critical role in energy homeostasis by producing methionine-enkephalin peptides in response to interleukin 33, thus promoting the beiging of white adipose tissue; increased numbers of beige (also known as brown-like or brite) fat cells in white adipose tissue leads to increased energy expenditure and decreased adiposity.
- Jonathan R. Brestoff
- , Brian S. Kim
- & David Artis
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Letter |
Interception of host angiogenic signalling limits mycobacterial growth
Using a model of tuberculosis in zebrafish, granuloma formation is shown to coincide with hypoxia and angiogenesis; furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of the pro-angiogenic VEGF pathway reduces infection burden, suggesting a possible treatment strategy in patients with the disease.
- Stefan H. Oehlers
- , Mark R. Cronan
- & David M. Tobin
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Letter |
Endosomes are specialized platforms for bacterial sensing and NOD2 signalling
The endo-lysosomal transporters SLC15A3 and SLC15A4 provide a portal of entry for extracellular bacterial products that activate the cytoplasmic sensor NOD2; these results establish the importance of endosomes as signalling platforms specialized for triggering innate immune responses.
- Norihiro Nakamura
- , Jennie R. Lill
- & Ira Mellman
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Letter |
Maternal retinoids control type 3 innate lymphoid cells and set the offspring immunity
Dietary vitamin A during pregnancy is required for the formation of secondary lymphoid organs of the developing embryo and affects the offspring’s immune competence in adulthood.
- Serge A. van de Pavert
- , Manuela Ferreira
- & Henrique Veiga-Fernandes
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Letter |
L-Myc expression by dendritic cells is required for optimal T-cell priming
L-Myc, a paralogue of the proto-oncogene c-Myc, is shown to regulate dendritic cell homeostasis and functionality; unlike c-Myc, L-Myc is not repressed by interferons and its expression allows for optimal dendritic cell proliferation and T-cell priming in the presence of inflammation.
- Wumesh KC
- , Ansuman T. Satpathy
- & Kenneth M. Murphy
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Letter |
Mycobacteria manipulate macrophage recruitment through coordinated use of membrane lipids
The bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis in mammals and zebrafish are shown to preferentially recruit and infect permissive macrophages while evading microbicidal ones.
- C. J. Cambier
- , Kevin K. Takaki
- & Lalita Ramakrishnan
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Outlook |
Epidemiology: A mortal foe
Tuberculosis is one of the world's most lethal infectious diseases. Further progress in consigning it to the past is a massive challenge. By Tom Paulson.
- Tom Paulson
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Letter |
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells control eosinophil homeostasis
Eosinophil recruitment to the lung and intestine is regulated by type-2-innate-lymphoid-cell-derived IL-5 and IL-13; IL-5 is shown to be induced by the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide, which is known to coordinate pancreatic secretion with smooth muscle relaxation in response to feeding.
- Jesse C. Nussbaum
- , Steven J. Van Dyken
- & Richard M. Locksley
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Letter |
Innate lymphoid cells regulate CD4+ T-cell responses to intestinal commensal bacteria
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells are shown to process and present antigen and to control CD4+ T-cell responses to intestinal commensal bacteria through an MHC-class-II-dependent mechanism.
- Matthew R. Hepworth
- , Laurel A. Monticelli
- & Gregory F. Sonnenberg
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Letter |
Critical role of Trib1 in differentiation of tissue-resident M2-like macrophages
Haematopoietic expression of the adaptor protein Trib1 is shown to be required for the presence of adipose-tissue-resident macrophages with an M2-like phenotype; Trib1 deficiency leads to aberrant expression of C/EBPα and impaired adipose tissue function.
- Takashi Satoh
- , Hiroyasu Kidoya
- & Shizuo Akira
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Outlook |
Immunology: A many layered thing
No mere passive barrier, the skin is being revealed to be an active part of the immune system. Researchers are now starting to understand its role in driving psoriasis.
- Claire Ainsworth
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News & Views |
Vitamins prime immunity
The finding that derivatives of vitamin B can bind to an antigen-presenting protein that stimulates specialized immune cells suggests a novel mechanism by which the immune system detects microbial infections. See Article p.717
- Wei-Jen Chua
- & Ted H. Hansen
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Research Highlights |
Fatty plaque link to inflammation
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News & Views |
Licensed in the lungs
In multiple sclerosis, the body's own immune cells attack the brain and spinal cord. But how they get there from peripheral tissues has been a mystery. Surprisingly, the lungs might be a key transit point. See Letter p.675
- Richard M. Ransohoff
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Letter |
‘Slings’ enable neutrophil rolling at high shear
During inflammation neutrophils roll along the vascular endothelium; here, previously unknown structures called ‘slings’, which appear and persist at the front of rolling cells in vivo and in vitro, are described.
- Prithu Sundd
- , Edgar Gutierrez
- & Klaus Ley
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Letter |
NLRP10 is a NOD-like receptor essential to initiate adaptive immunity by dendritic cells
Dendritic cells in mice lacking NLRP10 are defective in exiting inflamed tissue, leading to impaired adaptive immunity; this could have a profound impact on the approach to treating allergic and autoimmune diseases.
- Stephanie C. Eisenbarth
- , Adam Williams
- & Richard A. Flavell
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Research Highlights |
Controlling natural killers
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Research Highlights |
Culprits in diabetic heart risk
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Research Highlights |
Stranded cells fuel plaques
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News & Views |
Immune cells fuel the fire
Regulation of body temperature by the nervous system is essential for physiological function in both health and disease. The immune system also seems to have a crucial role in this process. See Letter p.104
- Andrew J. Whittle
- & Antonio Vidal-Puig
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Letter |
Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis
Exposure to cold drives IL-4-mediated alternative macrophage activation and catecholamine secretion in brown and white adipose tissues to stimulate thermogenesis.
- Khoa D. Nguyen
- , Yifu Qiu
- & Ajay Chawla
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Letter |
Lyn is a redox sensor that mediates leukocyte wound attraction in vivo
The Src family kinase Lyn is identified as a physiological redox sensor that mediates the initial attraction of leukocytes to wounds in zebrafish larvae.
- Sa Kan Yoo
- , Taylor W. Starnes
- & Anna Huttenlocher
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Letter |
Dendritic cells control lymphocyte entry to lymph nodes through high endothelial venules
- Christine Moussion
- & Jean-Philippe Girard
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News |
A fight for life that united a field
Nobel-prizewinner Ralph Steinman tried to beat his cancer with vaccines based on the dendritic cells he discovered.
- Lauren Gravitz
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Letter |
Macrophage skewing by Phd2 haplodeficiency prevents ischaemia by inducing arteriogenesis
- Yukiji Takeda
- , Sandra Costa
- & Massimiliano Mazzone
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Letter |
Continued clearance of apoptotic cells critically depends on the phagocyte Ucp2 protein
- Daeho Park
- , Claudia Z. Han
- & Kodi S. Ravichandran
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Letter |
Oxysterols direct immune cell migration via EBI2
- Sébastien Hannedouche
- , Juan Zhang
- & Andreas W. Sailer
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Letter |
CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate breast-tumour metastasis
- Bin-Zhi Qian
- , Jiufeng Li
- & Jeffrey W. Pollard
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Letter |
SAMHD1 is the dendritic- and myeloid-cell-specific HIV-1 restriction factor counteracted by Vpx
- Nadine Laguette
- , Bijan Sobhian
- & Monsef Benkirane
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Research Highlights |
Immune cells promote metastasis
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News & Views |
Macrophages limit chemotherapy
A major hurdle to successful cancer treatment is tumour resistance to chemotherapy. White blood cells called macrophages often infiltrate tumours in large numbers, and now appear to promote tumour chemoresistance.
- Michele De Palma
- & Claire E. Lewis
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Research Highlights |
Cancer: Tumours aided by immune cells
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Review Article |
The myeloid cells of the central nervous system parenchyma
- Richard M. Ransohoff
- & Astrid E. Cardona
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Letter |
An interferon-inducible neutrophil-driven blood transcriptional signature in human tuberculosis
Here, the human immune response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been characterized by transcriptional profiling. The results show that active tuberculosis correlates with a particular transcriptional signature that is dominated by a neutrophil-driven interferon-inducible gene profile. The study provides a broad range of transcriptional biomarkers with potential as diagnostic and prognostic tools to combat the tuberculosis epidemic.
- Matthew P. R. Berry
- , Christine M. Graham
- & Anne O’Garra
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Research Highlights |
Virology: HIV spread in 3D
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Letter |
Subcapsular sinus macrophages prevent CNS invasion on peripheral infection with a neurotropic virus
Macrophages that populate the lymph nodes are known to clear viruses from the lymph and to initiate antiviral humoral immune responses. It is now shown that these macrophages also have another function: they prevent lymph-borne neurotropic viruses from entering the central nervous system. The mechanism is dependent on the production of type I interferon.
- Matteo Iannacone
- , E. Ashley Moseman
- & Ulrich H. von Andrian
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News |
Key to psychological disorder may lie in the immune system
Bone-marrow transplants cure obsessive-compulsive behaviour in mice.
- Janelle Weaver
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Letter |
Innate lymphoid cells drive interleukin-23-dependent innate intestinal pathology
The cytokine interleukin (IL)-23 has inflammatory effects on innate immune cells and can drive colitis, but the cellular and molecular pathways involved are poorly characterized. Here it is shown that bacterial-driven innate colitis involves a previously unknown population of IL-23-responsive innate leukocytes that produce IL-17 and interferon-γ. These cells may represent a target in inflammatory bowel disease.
- Sofia Buonocore
- , Philip P. Ahern
- & Fiona Powrie