Featured
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Article |
iPS-cell-derived microglia promote brain organoid maturation via cholesterol transfer
The authors seek to understand the precise roles of microglia in the early human brain by coculturing brain organoids with primitive-like macrophages generated from the same human induced pluripotent stem cells (iMac).
- Dong Shin Park
- , Tatsuya Kozaki
- & Florent Ginhoux
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Article |
IL-1β+ macrophages fuel pathogenic inflammation in pancreatic cancer
Single-cell and spatial gene expression analyses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma uncover a population of interleukin-1β-expressing macrophages that drive inflammatory reprogramming of neighboring tumour cells leading to disease progression and poor prognosis for patients.
- Nicoletta Caronni
- , Federica La Terza
- & Renato Ostuni
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Article |
Reprogramming tumour-associated macrophages to outcompete cancer cells
In a mouse model of breast cancer, a low-protein diet induces engulfment activities and mTORC1 signalling in tumour-associated macrophages to suppress engulfment-dependent mTORC1 signalling in MYC-overexpressing cancer cells through cell competition, serving as an innate immune defence mechanism to slow tumour growth.
- Xian Zhang
- , Shun Li
- & Ming O. Li
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Review Article |
Physiology and diseases of tissue-resident macrophages
This Review addresses the current understanding of the roles of tissue-resident macrophages in physiology and disease, including their development and their functions in tissue remodelling and nutrient recycling.
- Tomi Lazarov
- , Sergio Juarez-Carreño
- & Frederic Geissmann
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Article |
Dedicated macrophages organize and maintain the enteric nervous system
Resident macrophages of the muscularis externa refine the enteric nervous system (ENS) early in life by pruning synapses and phagocytosing enteric neurons, and later switch to a neuro-supportive function, indicating that the ENS is governed by a dedicated population of resident macrophages that adapt to the timely needs of the ENS.
- Maria Francesca Viola
- , Marta Chavero-Pieres
- & Guy Boeckxstaens
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Article |
Macrophage fumarate hydratase restrains mtRNA-mediated interferon production
Inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase leads to deregulation of cytokine production in macrophages, which has implications in human diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Alexander Hooftman
- , Christian G. Peace
- & Luke A. J. O’Neill
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Article
| Open Access
Neonatal imprinting of alveolar macrophages via neutrophil-derived 12-HETE
The production of eicosanoids by neutrophils during the neonatal period is necessary for the self-renewal and maintenance of alveolar macrophages during lung development.
- Erwan Pernet
- , Sarah Sun
- & Maziar Divangahi
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Article |
LACC1 bridges NOS2 and polyamine metabolism in inflammatory macrophages
Findings suggest that l-ornithine could serve as a novel nutraceutical to ameliorate LACC1-associated immunological dysfunctions.
- Zheng Wei
- , Joonseok Oh
- & Jason M. Crawford
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Article |
Specification of CNS macrophage subsets occurs postnatally in defined niches
Single-cell profiling and fate-mapping experiments in the developing brain of mice and humans show that microglia and meningeal macrophages originate from a common prenatal precursor, but that perivascular macrophages are derived postnatally from meningeal macrophages.
- Takahiro Masuda
- , Lukas Amann
- & Marco Prinz
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Article |
FcγR-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes activates inflammation
Antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 uptake by monocytes and macrophages triggers inflammatory cell death that aborts the production of infectious virus but causes systemic inflammation that contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis.
- Caroline Junqueira
- , Ângela Crespo
- & Judy Lieberman
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Article |
Astrocytic interleukin-3 programs microglia and limits Alzheimer’s disease
Interleukin-3 signalling from astrocytes to microglia readies microglia to defend against Alzheimer’s disease.
- Cameron S. McAlpine
- , Joseph Park
- & Filip K. Swirski
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Article |
Tissue-resident macrophages provide a pro-tumorigenic niche to early NSCLC cells
Single-cell RNA sequencing and imaging of macrophages in human non-small cell lung cancer and in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma show that tissue-resident macrophages have a key role in early tumour progression.
- María Casanova-Acebes
- , Erica Dalla
- & Miriam Merad
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Article |
Monocyte-derived S1P in the lymph node regulates immune responses
Monocyte-derived sphingosine 1-phosphate gradients in the lymph nodes regulate the response of T cells under inflammatory conditions.
- Audrey Baeyens
- , Sabrina Bracero
- & Susan R. Schwab
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Article |
Macrophages provide a transient muscle stem cell niche via NAMPT secretion
Specific macrophage populations provide a transient niche that activates muscle stem cells after muscle injury and supply proliferation-inducing cues that govern the repair process mediated by these cells in both zebrafish and mouse injury models.
- Dhanushika Ratnayake
- , Phong D. Nguyen
- & Peter D. Currie
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Article |
NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives tau pathology
The authors show that NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in microglia of patients with fronto-temporal dementia and in a mouse model of tau pathology, and that the loss of NLRP3 inflammasome function decreases tau pathology and improves cognition in mice.
- Christina Ising
- , Carmen Venegas
- & Michael T. Heneka
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Article |
Resolving the fibrotic niche of human liver cirrhosis at single-cell level
Single-cell RNA sequencing is used to characterize and compare the functional diversity of cells from liver biopsies of human scarred and normal liver, and identifies markers for scar-associated macrophages and endothelial cells.
- P. Ramachandran
- , R. Dobie
- & N. C. Henderson
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Letter |
Locally renewing resident synovial macrophages provide a protective barrier for the joint
Analysis of macrophage subsets within joints reveals a population of CX3CR1+ tissue-resident macrophages that form a tight-junction-mediated barrier at the synovial lining, protecting the joint from the invasion of inflammatory cells.
- Stephan Culemann
- , Anika Grüneboom
- & Gerhard Krönke
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Letter |
CD24 signalling through macrophage Siglec-10 is a target for cancer immunotherapy
CD24 interacts with the tumour-associated-macrophage receptor Siglec-10 to inhibit the macrophage-mediated clearance of cancer cells, revealing a new ‘don’t eat me’ signal as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
- Amira A. Barkal
- , Rachel E. Brewer
- & Irving L. Weissman
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Letter |
Developmental origin, functional maintenance and genetic rescue of osteoclasts
Multinucleated osteoclasts required for normal bone development and tooth eruption in the mouse originate from embryonic erythro-myeloid progenitors and are maintained after birth by fusion with circulating monocytes.
- Christian E. Jacome-Galarza
- , Gulce I. Percin
- & Frederic Geissmann
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Letter |
GPR31-dependent dendrite protrusion of intestinal CX3CR1+ cells by bacterial metabolites
In the mouse intestine, pyruvate and lactate produced from bacterial metabolites enhance immune responses through inducing dendrite protrusion, mediated by GPR31, of small intestinal mononuclear cells that express CX3CR1.
- Naoki Morita
- , Eiji Umemoto
- & Kiyoshi Takeda
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Article |
Innate immune memory in the brain shapes neurological disease hallmarks
Peripheral stimuli can induce acute immune training and tolerance in the brain and lead to long-lasting epigenetic reprogramming of microglia; these changes alter pathology in mouse models of stroke and Alzheimer’s pathology .
- Ann-Christin Wendeln
- , Karoline Degenhardt
- & Jonas J. Neher
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Letter |
Itaconate is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that activates Nrf2 via alkylation of KEAP1
WebTreatment of lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages with the cell-permeable itaconate derivative 4-octyl itaconate activates the anti-inflammatory transcription factor Nrf2 by alkylating key cysteine residues on the KEAP1 protein.
- Evanna L. Mills
- , Dylan G. Ryan
- & Luke A. O’Neill
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Letter |
Inflammasome-driven catecholamine catabolism in macrophages blunts lipolysis during ageing
Lipolysis declines with age because NLRP3 inflammasome-activated adipose tissue macrophages reduce levels of noradrenaline by upregulating genes that control its degradation, such as GDF3 and MAOA.
- Christina D. Camell
- , Jil Sander
- & Vishwa Deep Dixit
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Letter |
Class IIa HDAC inhibition reduces breast tumours and metastases through anti-tumour macrophages
A selective class IIa histone deacetylase inhibitor induces anti-tumour immunity in a mouse model of mammary cancer through altered differentiation and recruitment of tumour-associated macrophages.
- Jennifer L. Guerriero
- , Alaba Sotayo
- & Anthony Letai
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Letter |
Identification of an atypical monocyte and committed progenitor involved in fibrosis
An atypical monocyte with partial granulocyte characteristics is identified and shown to be critical for the development of fibrosis.
- Takashi Satoh
- , Katsuhiro Nakagawa
- & Shizuo Akira
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Letter |
Fetal liver endothelium regulates the seeding of tissue-resident macrophages
PLVAP selectively controls the seeding of fetal liver monocyte-derived tissue-resident macrophages, seemingly by interacting with chemotactic and adhesive molecules at the diaphragms of liver sinusoidal endothelium.
- Pia Rantakari
- , Norma Jäppinen
- & Marko Salmi
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Letter |
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Noncanonical autophagy inhibits the autoinflammatory, lupus-like response to dying cells
Defects in LC3-associated phagocytosis in mice are shown to result in systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease; dying cells are engulfed but not degraded in LAP-deficient mice, resulting in increased serum levels of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines, and evidence of kidney disease.
- Jennifer Martinez
- , Larissa D. Cunha
- & Douglas R. Green
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Letter |
Interception of host angiogenic signalling limits mycobacterial growth
Using a model of tuberculosis in zebrafish, granuloma formation is shown to coincide with hypoxia and angiogenesis; furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of the pro-angiogenic VEGF pathway reduces infection burden, suggesting a possible treatment strategy in patients with the disease.
- Stefan H. Oehlers
- , Mark R. Cronan
- & David M. Tobin
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Letter |
Mycobacteria manipulate macrophage recruitment through coordinated use of membrane lipids
The bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis in mammals and zebrafish are shown to preferentially recruit and infect permissive macrophages while evading microbicidal ones.
- C. J. Cambier
- , Kevin K. Takaki
- & Lalita Ramakrishnan
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Outlook |
Epidemiology: A mortal foe
Tuberculosis is one of the world's most lethal infectious diseases. Further progress in consigning it to the past is a massive challenge. By Tom Paulson.
- Tom Paulson
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Letter |
Critical role of Trib1 in differentiation of tissue-resident M2-like macrophages
Haematopoietic expression of the adaptor protein Trib1 is shown to be required for the presence of adipose-tissue-resident macrophages with an M2-like phenotype; Trib1 deficiency leads to aberrant expression of C/EBPα and impaired adipose tissue function.
- Takashi Satoh
- , Hiroyasu Kidoya
- & Shizuo Akira
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Research Highlights |
Fatty plaque link to inflammation
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Research Highlights |
Culprits in diabetic heart risk
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Research Highlights |
Stranded cells fuel plaques
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News & Views |
Immune cells fuel the fire
Regulation of body temperature by the nervous system is essential for physiological function in both health and disease. The immune system also seems to have a crucial role in this process. See Letter p.104
- Andrew J. Whittle
- & Antonio Vidal-Puig
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Letter |
Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis
Exposure to cold drives IL-4-mediated alternative macrophage activation and catecholamine secretion in brown and white adipose tissues to stimulate thermogenesis.
- Khoa D. Nguyen
- , Yifu Qiu
- & Ajay Chawla
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Letter |
Macrophage skewing by Phd2 haplodeficiency prevents ischaemia by inducing arteriogenesis
- Yukiji Takeda
- , Sandra Costa
- & Massimiliano Mazzone
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Letter |
Continued clearance of apoptotic cells critically depends on the phagocyte Ucp2 protein
- Daeho Park
- , Claudia Z. Han
- & Kodi S. Ravichandran
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Letter |
CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate breast-tumour metastasis
- Bin-Zhi Qian
- , Jiufeng Li
- & Jeffrey W. Pollard
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Research Highlights |
Immune cells promote metastasis
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News & Views |
Macrophages limit chemotherapy
A major hurdle to successful cancer treatment is tumour resistance to chemotherapy. White blood cells called macrophages often infiltrate tumours in large numbers, and now appear to promote tumour chemoresistance.
- Michele De Palma
- & Claire E. Lewis
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Letter |
Subcapsular sinus macrophages prevent CNS invasion on peripheral infection with a neurotropic virus
Macrophages that populate the lymph nodes are known to clear viruses from the lymph and to initiate antiviral humoral immune responses. It is now shown that these macrophages also have another function: they prevent lymph-borne neurotropic viruses from entering the central nervous system. The mechanism is dependent on the production of type I interferon.
- Matteo Iannacone
- , E. Ashley Moseman
- & Ulrich H. von Andrian
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News |
Key to psychological disorder may lie in the immune system
Bone-marrow transplants cure obsessive-compulsive behaviour in mice.
- Janelle Weaver
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Research Highlights |
Cardiovascular biology: Fatty foam cells
Periportal macrophages protect against commensal-driven liver inflammation