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β-barrel outer-membrane proteins are covalently attached to peptidoglycan in Gram-negative bacteria including Coxiella burnetii, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Legionella pneumophila.
In α-proteobacteria, such as Brucella and Agrobacterium, the outer membrane is attached to the peptidoglycan by covalent cross-links between β-barrel-shaped proteins and peptidoglycan.
Spermine facilitates mucilage production and rice cell invasion by mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the developing Magnaporthe oryzae appressorium.
This study reports an improved poly(A)-independent single-cell RNA-sequencing protocol to capture growth-dependent gene expression patterns in individual Salmonella and Pseudomonas bacteria.
Subinhibitory levels of sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic used to treat Escherichia coli infections, trigger a previously undescribed metabolic pathway in E. coli that comprises a family of hybrid pterin–phenylpyruvate conjugates called colipterins. These metabolites are antioxidants, have immunomodulatory properties and improve colitis in a murine model.
Here, the authors identify lymphocyte antigen 6E (LY6E) as a coronavirus (CoV) restriction factor that prevents infection of B cells and dendritic cells. LY6E inhibits both human and mouse CoV entry into cells by interfering with viral spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. It facilitates an antiviral immune response that prevents liver disease and reduces death in the mouse model of MHV-A59 CoV infection.
A microbiome genome-wide association study using three large European cohorts identified several significant study-wide and genome-wide correlations between human genetic variants and microbial traits, and used Mendelian randomization to estimate causal relationships between microbial traits and disease.
HIV-1 reverse transcription is found to be completed in the nucleus of the cell using an HIV-1 nuclear import kinetic assay that takes advantage of a nuclear import blockade method to monitor the kinetics of HIV-1 entry and infection.
This study describes the development of prokaryotic expression profiling by tagging RNA in situ and sequencing (PETRI-seq)—a high-throughput prokaryotic scRNA-seq method capable of sequencing tens of thousands of cells in a single experiment.
Here, the authors report the discovery of prophages in cultured SAR11 and show that lysogenic SAR11 produce virions by prophage induction of up to 2.3% of infected cells under carbon-replete growth conditions and up to 30.6% of infected cells under carbon-deplete conditions.
A model using data from culturing Escherichia coli in 32 different growth media sheds light on the relationship between bacterial cell growth and the cell cycle.
In rhizosphere microbial communities, iron competition via secreted siderophores can be used as a predictor of commensal–pathogen interactions and plant protection against infection with the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum.
Here, using RNA sequencing and data from several cohorts, the authors find an association of the presence of inherited, chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 in the placenta with a clinical diagnosis of pre-eclampsia in the mother.
This paper shows that the parasite Trypanosoma brucei is able to establish infection in flies by penetrating the protective peritrophic matrix in the fly midgut at the place of matrix secretion in the proventriculus. Such early proventricular colonization is potentiated by factors that are present in trypanosome-infected blood ingested by the flies.