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Inhibition of BCL-XL eliminates Legionella infection, suggesting that host-directed BH3-mimetic therapy may be effective against intracellular pathogens that inhibit host cell protein synthesis.
Renal infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) leads to both the induction of apoptosis through upregulation of Smad7 and FGF2 and to renal failure.
Genomic reconstruction from hot spring sediment metagenomes show that 'Hadesarchaea' have streamlined yet metabolically versatile genomes, with genes involved in CO and H2 oxidation, with potential coupling to nitrite reduction to ammonia.
Whole genome sequencing of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from the UK and Ireland reveal a population with three predominant lineages, two of which have acquired and lost resistance multiple times.
The microenvironment of injured intestinal mucosa induces the rapid emergence of microbiota constituents that contribute to repair of the mucosal wounds.
Mutation of a mismatch repair gene accelerated the genomic mutation rate of Salmonella Enteritidis infecting an immunocompromized individual, leading to levels of evolution that parallel those found in successful host-restricted bacterial pathogens.
Streptococcus pyogenes (also known as group A Streptococcus or GAS) streptolysin S (SLS)-mediated red blood cell lysis occurs through disruption of the function of major erythrocyte anion exchange protein, band 3, leading to Cl- ion influx.
Combining a map of human and animal melioidosis cases and the presence of environmental Burkholderia pseudomallei in a formal modelling framework to estimate the global burden of the disease reveals that it is severely under-reported.
Most viral genomes and replicases are encased in a proteinaceous coat known as a capsid. Here, the authors identify a curious case of an obligate association between two RNA viruses in which one of the viruses misappropriates the capsid coat from the other, a process known as trans-encapsidation.
Quorum sensing (QS) systems in bacteria coordinate collective behaviour through the use of secreted signal molecules called autoinducers. Here, the authors identify conditions under which flow can activate or repress QS in S. aureus and V. cholera.
A crystal structure of the C. difficile toxin TcdA reveals a requirement for zinc during autoprocessing and a delivery domain involved in the pH-dependent pore formation that allows the toxin to exit the endosome.