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Obesity-associated inflammation is restrained by regulatory T cells present in visceral fat. Kallies and colleagues show interleukin 33 and the transcription factors BATF and IRF4 are necessary to maintain visceral adipose tissue Treg cells.
Treg cells control effector cells such as TH1 and TFH cells. Chi and colleagues demonstrate that PTEN is cell-intrinsically required for Treg cell lineage stability and regulation of effector T cell responses.
Regulatory T cells normally maintain high expression of the phosphatase PTEN. Turka and colleagues use conditional deletion of PTEN in regulatory T cells to show that it is critical for their function and stability.