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CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are considered distinct functional lymphocyte subsets. Cheroutre and Mucida and their colleagues show that mature gut-associated CD4+ T cells lose ThPOK expression and reactivate CD8 cytolytic effector programs.
Sekiya and colleagues demonstrate that the Nr4a nuclear receptors, which are encoded by immediate-early genes upregulated by TCR stimulation in thymocytes, have an essential role in regulatory T cell development.
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are considered distinct functional lymphocyte subsets. Cheroutre and Mucida and their colleagues show that mature gut-associated CD4+ T cells lose ThPOK expression and reactivate CD8 cytolytic effector programs.
Innate lymphoid cells are cytokine-producing cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis. Spits and colleagues identify a human innate cell population that expresses T-bet and IFN-γ and is prevalent in Crohn's disease.
Unlike vaccination, infection by a live pathogen often impairs dendritic cell function. Iwasaki and colleagues show that during infection with influenza virus, signaling via the IL-1 receptor is both required and sufficient for the priming of CD8+ T cells.
Autoreactive CD8+ T cells are prevalent in multiple sclerosis. Goverman and colleagues identify tumor necrosis factor–inducible nitric oxide synthase (TNF-iNOS)-producing dendritic cells that cross-present myelin antigen to activate naive CD8+ T cells in the central nervous system.