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Carbon and sulfur release from the Siberian Traps igneous province caused climate swings during the end-Permian mass extinction, according to coupled global climate simulations.
Continental mantle lithosphere is scraped from the base of the overriding plate by the underlying oceanic slab during flat subduction, according to numerical thermal–mechanical models.
During flat subduction, material is scraped off the base of the continental mantle lithosphere, building a migrating keel. This testable mechanism for flat subduction recreates features of the Laramide orogeny.
Belowground carbon inputs form stable soil carbon more efficiently through microbial formation than carbon addition aboveground, according to soil microcosm experiments that quantitatively compare soil carbon formation efficiencies from different mechanistic pathways.
Volcanism across the North Atlantic region 62 million years ago is consistent with an Iceland plume source, despite the absence of a classic hotspot track, suggest tomographic images and geodynamic models.
Internal low-frequency variability in the Arctic atmosphere can explain about half the summer sea ice decline over the past decades, according to an analysis of large ensembles of fully coupled climate model simulations.
Fifty years of international ocean drilling have brought enormous insights into the workings of our planet. Incorporating young investigators’ ideas, cooperating internationally and sharing data and samples have been key to this success.
Changes in the water cycle arising from a strategic geoengineering approach alter the ocean circulation and structure, according to an ensemble of simulations with an Earth System Model.
Understanding the thermodynamics of air-mass transformations that occur in the atmosphere at the boundary between the Arctic and mid-latitudes is key to improving weather and climate predictions, according to a literature synthesis
Groundwater-derived CO2 inputs and emissions along streams are highly variable in both space and time, according to measurements of dissolved CO2 from two headwater catchments.
Large variability of wood carbon fractions in different trees can lead to an error of up to 8.9% in carbon estimates for forests, according to an analysis of wood carbon data across global forested biomes.
Despite little O2 in the Martian atmosphere, concentrations of dissolved O2 in near-surface brines on Mars may be sufficient to support aerobic life, according to solubility calculations.
Incision of the Mekong River that occurred after the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau may have been driven by a period of high monsoon precipitation, as suggested by age data from river bedrock samples and stream profile modelling.