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Gil Segal, Howard Shuman and colleagues sequence the genomes of 38 Legionella species and analyze 5,885 predicted effector proteins. Their analysis identifies a core set of seven effectors shared by all 38 species and numerous previously unidentified conserved effector domains.
Beat Keller, Thomas Wicker and colleagues compare the genomes of 46 isolates of powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis. They find that B. graminis f. sp. triticale, a pathogen growing on triticale (a wheat × rye hybrid plant), is a hybrid of B. graminis f. sp. tritici and B. graminis f. sp. secalis, which grow on wheat and rye, respectively.
Iuliana Ionita-Laza, Kenneth McCallum and colleagues developed an unsupervised statistical approach, Eigen, that integrates different functional annotations into a single measure of functional importance for coding and noncoding variants. Their meta-score can outperform the recently proposed CADD score and can be applied to fine-mapping studies.
Elodie Ghedin, Benjamin Cowling and colleagues quantify the frequency at which variants of influenza virus were transmitted between individual hosts during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong. They find transmission of multiple variants between donor-recipient pairs and provide estimates of the number of viral particles that can infect and replicate within a host.
