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Simulations of early galaxy formation suggest that the dynamics of structure formation, rather than the Lyman–Werner flux, drives the formation of massive black holes in the early Universe.
A consortium of 11 bacterial strains from the healthy human gut microbiota can strongly induce interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells in the intestine, and enhance both resistance to bacterial infection and the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
The current phase of subduction of the Nazca slab was established in the Peruvian Andes after a plate reorganization around 80 million years ago and then propagated progressively southwards.
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis identifies different subclusters of oligodendroglia in white matter from individuals with multiple sclerosis compared with controls, and these differences may be important for understanding disease progression.
The activation mechanism of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5, a member of the family C G-protein-coupled receptors, is characterized by a combination of cryo-electron microscopy, crystallography and signalling studies.
There are no new oligodendrocytes in potentially remyelinated multiple sclerosis shadow plaques, although oligodendrocyte generation is increased in the normal appearing white matter of patients with aggressive disease, informing the development of new therapies.
In the mouse intestine, pyruvate and lactate produced from bacterial metabolites enhance immune responses through inducing dendrite protrusion, mediated by GPR31, of small intestinal mononuclear cells that express CX3CR1.
In the early embryo, Cas9 expressed in the female germline induces double-stranded breaks that are corrected by homology-directed repair, biasing inheritance of a desired allele in mice.
The thermal vibrations of a carbon nanotube are directly measured in real time with high displacement sensitivity and fine time resolution, revealing dynamics undetected by previous time-averaged measurements.
A genetic study of the baseline human antibody repertoire, based on the circulating B cell populations of ten subjects, reveals universally shared antibody clonotypes within repertoires that are largely unique to the individual.
Photoredox transformations are achieved with infrared light by using triplet fusion upconversion that converts infrared into visible light, enabling the use of photoredox chemistry on larger scales and through barriers that are impenetrable by visible light.
Inspired by the enhanced mechanical strength of microstructured metals, damage-tolerant architected materials are developed in which the internal structure is granular, with different regions having different lattice orientations.
A magnetic contribution to the spin Hall effect is observed in the non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn, which is attributed to momentum-dependent spin splitting produced by non-collinear magnetic order.
Transcriptomic and genetic analyses of a deletion set of all known introns in genes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that introns promote resistance to starvation.
Distinct but partially overlapping subsets of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex of mice respond to feeding and/or social stimuli and, when optogenetically stimulated at single-cell resolution, specifically regulate reward-seeking behaviours.
Quantitative explorations using biomechanics and robotics of the gait of Orobates, a stem amniote, indicate that the development of relatively erect, power-saving and balanced locomotion preceded the diversification of crown amniotes