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The NMR structure of the murine leukaemia virus recoding translational signal is determined, giving insight into the mechanism of read-through in retroviruses.
The crystal structure of the enzyme MCR from methanogenic archaea shows that it is very similar to that of methanotrophic archaea; the differences observed may tune the enzymes for their respective biological context within the sea mats.
Piwi protein Miwi is shown to be a small RNA-guided RNase in mice; disrupting the catalytic activity of Miwi results in increased accumulation of LINE1 retrotransposon transcripts and male infertility.
Although clinical trials have shown that RAF inhibitors prolong the survival of patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma, resistance inevitably develops; resistance is shown here to be frequently mediated by the expression of splicing variants of mutant BRAF.
The mutations that underlie the diseases tuberous sclerosis complex and fragile X syndrome produce abnormalities in synaptic plasticity and function that can be corrected by treatments that modulate metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in opposite directions.
The crystal structure of V1/V2, the only unresolved portion of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein, is reported in complex with human antibody PG9 and reveals a paradigm of antibody recognition with implications for vaccine development.
The genome of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae is sequenced, providing insights into its polyphagous feeding, silk production, hormonal repertoire and reduced Hox cluster.
Tumour cells with defective mitochondria are found to use glutamine-dependent reductive carboxylation, rather than oxidative metabolism, as the major pathway of citrate and lipid formation.
Exposure to cold drives IL-4-mediated alternative macrophage activation and catecholamine secretion in brown and white adipose tissues to stimulate thermogenesis.
The Src family kinase Lyn is identified as a physiological redox sensor that mediates the initial attraction of leukocytes to wounds in zebrafish larvae.