Featured
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Article
| Open Access
A TMPRSS2 inhibitor acts as a pan-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic and therapeutic
A small-molecule inhibitor of TMPRSS2 is effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in human lung cells and in donor-derived colonoids, and also shows prophylactic and therapeutic benefits in a mouse model of COVID-19.
- Tirosh Shapira
- , I. Abrrey Monreal
- & François Jean
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Article
| Open Access
Attenuated fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
In vitro studies in human cell lines and in vivo studies in a hamster model show that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is less pathogenic than both the Delta variant and an ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2.
- Rigel Suzuki
- , Daichi Yamasoba
- & Kei Sato
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Article |
Attenuated replication and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron
The replication and pathogenicity of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is attenuated compared with the original strain and other variants.
- Huiping Shuai
- , Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- & Hin Chu
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Article
| Open Access
Enhanced fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Delta P681R mutation
The P681R mutation in the spike protein renders the Delta variant more pathogenic than prototypic SARS-CoV-2 in infected hamsters, and facilitates spike protein cleavage and enhances viral fusogenicity.
- Akatsuki Saito
- , Takashi Irie
- & Kei Sato
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Article |
SARS-CoV-2 infection is effectively treated and prevented by EIDD-2801
Human and bat coronaviruses replicate efficiently in immunodeficient mice implanted with human lung tissue, and treatment or prophylaxis using EIDD-2801 in this model suggests that this oral antiviral agent may be effective in preventing COVID-19.
- Angela Wahl
- , Lisa E. Gralinski
- & J. Victor Garcia
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Article |
LDLRAD3 is a receptor for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
LDLRAD3 is a receptor for infection with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and in mouse models deletion of Ldlrad3 or treatment with a soluble LDLRAD3 decoy molecule abrogates infection and disease caused by this virus.
- Hongming Ma
- , Arthur S. Kim
- & Michael S. Diamond
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Article |
Envelope protein ubiquitination drives entry and pathogenesis of Zika virus
The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM7 polyubiquitinates the envelope protein of Zika virus, adding Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains that interact with the TIM1 receptor of host cells to enhance virus entry and replication.
- Maria I. Giraldo
- , Hongjie Xia
- & Ricardo Rajsbaum
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Article |
Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters
The pathogenicity and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in golden (Syrian) hamsters resemble features of COVID-19 in human patients, suggesting that these hamsters could be used to model this disease.
- Sin Fun Sia
- , Li-Meng Yan
- & Hui-Ling Yen
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Letter |
Protocadherin-1 is essential for cell entry by New World hantaviruses
New World hantaviruses—which cause a severe human respiratory disease—use surface glycoproteins to bind to the human protocadherin-1 protein and enter endothelial cells in vitro; depleting protocadherin-1 in Syrian golden hamsters largely protects against disease.
- Rohit K. Jangra
- , Andrew S. Herbert
- & Kartik Chandran
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Review Article |
The emergence of Zika virus and its new clinical syndromes
The rapid development of cell culture and animal models has facilitated a new understanding of ZIKV biology and made it possible to generate multiple ZIKV vaccine candidates, which are advancing through clinical trials.
- Theodore C. Pierson
- & Michael S. Diamond
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Letter
| Open Access
Sooty mangabey genome sequence provides insight into AIDS resistance in a natural SIV host
Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of immune-related genes of Cercocebus atys and Macaca mulatta identify candidate genes, such as ICAM2 and TLR4, that may explain the AIDS resistance of C. atys.
- David Palesch
- , Steven E. Bosinger
- & Guido Silvestri
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Letter |
Zika virus infection damages the testes in mice
Infection of male mice with Zika virus caused testicular and epididymal damage, reduction in sex hormone levels, destruction of germ and somatic cells in the testis, loss of mature sperm and reduction in fertility.
- Jennifer Govero
- , Prabagaran Esakky
- & Michael S. Diamond
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Letter |
Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys
The discovery is reported of a small molecule drug, GS-5734, which has antiviral activity against Ebola virus and other filoviruses, and is capable of providing post-exposure therapeutic protection against lethal disease in 100% of drug-treated nonhuman primates infected with Ebola virus; the drug targets viral RNA polymerase and can distribute to sanctuary sites (such as testes, eyes and brain), suggesting that it may be able to clear persistent virus infection.
- Travis K. Warren
- , Robert Jordan
- & Sina Bavari
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Letter |
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC
Human coronavirus-EMC (hCoV-EMC) is a new coronavirus that has killed around half of the few humans infected so far; this study now identifies DPP4 as the receptor that this virus uses to infect cells.
- V. Stalin Raj
- , Huihui Mou
- & Bart L. Haagmans
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News |
Controversial H5N1 influenza work likely to resume
International experts hammer out the future of their field at a top-level workshop on how to fund certain types of work on bird flu.
- Brendan Maher
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Outlook |
Pathology: Three questions
Linking specific types of HPV with cervical cancer and developing effective vaccines against should be celebrated. But there are gaps in our understanding of these viruses and how they cause disease.
- Laura Vargas-Parada
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Research Highlights |
A race to kill or be killed
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Letter |
Natural killer cells act as rheostats modulating antiviral T cells
Natural killer cells can act as rheostats, or ‘master regulators’, controlling antiviral T-cell responses.
- Stephen N. Waggoner
- , Markus Cornberg
- & Raymond M. Welsh
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Autumn Books |
Virology: Pathogenic passengers
Edward C. Holmes welcomes a robust account of how viruses emerge and how pandemics can be prevented.
- Edward C. Holmes
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Letter |
Successful establishment of Wolbachia in Aedes populations to suppress dengue transmission
- A. A. Hoffmann
- , B. L. Montgomery
- & S. L. O’Neill
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Letter |
The wMel Wolbachia strain blocks dengue and invades caged Aedes aegypti populations
- T. Walker
- , P. H. Johnson
- & A. A. Hoffmann
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Letter |
Cell-to-cell spread of HIV permits ongoing replication despite antiretroviral therapy
- Alex Sigal
- , Jocelyn T. Kim
- & David Baltimore
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Letter |
A genetically humanized mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection
- Marcus Dorner
- , Joshua A. Horwitz
- & Alexander Ploss
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Letter |
2′-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap evades host restriction by IFIT family members
Many cellular and virus messenger RNAs are methylated at the 2′-O positions of the 5′ guanosine cap. The role of 2′-O methylation in virus infection has been unclear. These authors show that this form of methylation enables several unrelated viruses to evade the antiviral effects of genes stimulated by type I interferon.
- Stephane Daffis
- , Kristy J. Szretter
- & Michael S. Diamond
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Research Highlights |
Virology: Infectious inheritance
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News |
Virus spreads by bouncing off infected cells
Viral ping-pong lets vaccinia get to other cells faster.
- Brian Vastag
Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 isolates in rodents