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All-optical subcycle microscopy on atomic length scales
All-optical subcycle microscopy is achieved on atomic length scales, with picometric spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution.
- T. Siday
- , J. Hayes
- & R. Huber
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| Open AccessLight-wave-controlled Haldane model in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride
We introduce strong tailored light-wave-driven time-reversal symmetry breaking in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride, realizing a sub-laser-cycle controllable analogue of the topological model of Haldane and inducing non-resonant valley polarization.
- Sambit Mitra
- , Álvaro Jiménez-Galán
- & Shubhadeep Biswas
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Phononic switching of magnetization by the ultrafast Barnett effect
Ultrafast light-induced driving of phonons at resonance in a substrate facilitates the permanent reversal of the magnetic state of a material mounted on it.
- C. S. Davies
- , F. G. N. Fennema
- & A. Kirilyuk
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Coherent nanophotonic electron accelerator
A scalable nanophotonic electron accelerator with a high particle acceleration gradient and good beam confinement achieves an energy gain of 43%.
- Tomáš Chlouba
- , Roy Shiloh
- & Peter Hommelhoff
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Article
| Open AccessDynamic optical response of solids following 1-fs-scale photoinjection
Petahertz-scale optical-field metrology in a pump-probe setting enables the direct observation of how the optical properties of a medium evolve after 1-fs-scale photoinjection.
- Dmitry A. Zimin
- , Nicholas Karpowicz
- & Vladislav S. Yakovlev
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| Open AccessPhoto-induced high-temperature ferromagnetism in YTiO3
All-optical, mode-selective manipulation of the crystal lattice can be used to enhance and stabilize ferromagnetism in YTiO3 well above its equilibrium ordering temperature and for many nanoseconds, enabling dynamic engineering of practically useful non-equilibrium functionalities in fluctuating electronic systems.
- A. S. Disa
- , J. Curtis
- & A. Cavalleri
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Tracing attosecond electron emission from a nanometric metal tip
Two-colour modulation spectroscopy of laser field-driven electrons uncovers the suboptical-cycle strong-field emission dynamics from nanostructures with attosecond precision by measuring photoelectron spectra of electrons as function of the relative phase between the two colours.
- Philip Dienstbier
- , Lennart Seiffert
- & Peter Hommelhoff
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Build-up and dephasing of Floquet–Bloch bands on subcycle timescales
The build-up and dephasing of Floquet-–Bloch bands is visualized in both subcycle band-structure videography and quantum theory, revealing the interplay of strong-field intraband and interband excitations in a non-equilibrium Floquet picture.
- S. Ito
- , M. Schüler
- & R. Huber
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Attosecond clocking of correlations between Bloch electrons
By forcing electron–hole pairs onto closed trajectories attosecond clocking of delocalized Bloch electrons is achieved, enabling greater understanding of unexpected phase transitions and quantum-dynamic phenomena.
- J. Freudenstein
- , M. Borsch
- & R. Huber
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Light-field control of real and virtual charge carriers
Light-field control of real and virtual charge carriers in a gold–graphene–gold heterostructure is demonstrated, and used to create a logic gate for application in lightwave electronics.
- Tobias Boolakee
- , Christian Heide
- & Peter Hommelhoff
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Polarized phonons carry angular momentum in ultrafast demagnetization
Ultrafast electron diffraction is used here to reveal in nickel an almost instantaneous, long-lasting population of anisotropic phonons with angular momentum.
- S. R. Tauchert
- , M. Volkov
- & P. Baum
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Giant modulation of optical nonlinearity by Floquet engineering
Coherent control and giant modulation of optical nonlinearity in a van der Waals layered magnetic insulator is demonstrated using Floquet engineering.
- Jun-Yi Shan
- , M. Ye
- & D. Hsieh
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| Open AccessCoherent X-ray−optical control of nuclear excitons
Suitably shaped X-ray pulses are used to coherently steer the quantum dynamics of atoms’ nuclei rather than their electrons, with few-zeptosecond temporal stability of the phase control.
- Kilian P. Heeg
- , Andreas Kaldun
- & Jörg Evers
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Plasmonic topological quasiparticle on the nanometre and femtosecond scales
Topological plasmonic spin textures are excited by shining light on a structured silver film, and imaging defines how these quasiparticle field and spin textures evolve on the nanometre and femtosecond scales.
- Yanan Dai
- , Zhikang Zhou
- & Hrvoje Petek
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Lanthanide-doped inorganic nanoparticles turn molecular triplet excitons bright
Optically dark (non-emitting) triplet excitons on organic molecules may be rendered bright by coupling the molecules to lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, providing a way to control such excitons in optoelectronic systems.
- Sanyang Han
- , Renren Deng
- & Akshay Rao
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Coherent control of a surface structural phase transition
A structural phase transition from metal to insulator on a solid surface is controlled by an ultrafast sequence of optical pulses.
- Jan Gerrit Horstmann
- , Hannes Böckmann
- & Claus Ropers
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Controlling free electrons with optical whispering-gallery modes
The coupling between light and relativistic free electrons is enhanced through phase matching of electrons with optical whispering-gallery modes in dielectric microspheres and through extended modal lifetimes.
- Ofer Kfir
- , Hugo Lourenço-Martins
- & Claus Ropers
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Coherent interaction between free electrons and a photonic cavity
The strong interaction of coherent free electrons with a photonic-crystal cavity enables the measurement of the lifetimes of the cavity modes and provides a technique for multidimensional near-field imaging and spectroscopy.
- Kangpeng Wang
- , Raphael Dahan
- & Ido Kaminer
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Light-wave dynamic control of magnetism
The magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic layer stack are controlled on attosecond timescales through optically induced spin and orbital momentum transfer, demonstrating a coherent regime of ultrafast magnetism.
- Florian Siegrist
- , Julia A. Gessner
- & Martin Schultze
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Temporal and spectral fingerprints of ultrafast all-coherent spin switching
Antenna-enhanced terahertz pulses ballistically switch spins in antiferromagnetic TmFeO3 with minimal energy dissipation between metastable minima of the anisotropy potential, as characterized by unique temporal and spectral fingerprints.
- S. Schlauderer
- , C. Lange
- & R. Huber
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Ultrafast spin-lasers
Room-temperature modulation frequencies exceeding 200 GHz are demonstrated in birefringent semiconductor spin-lasers by coupling the spin of the charge carriers to the light polarization.
- Markus Lindemann
- , Gaofeng Xu
- & Nils C. Gerhardt
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Letter |
Attosecond angular streaking and tunnelling time in atomic hydrogen
Simulation and measurement of the photoionization of atomic hydrogen at attosecond resolution confirm that the tunnelling of the ejected electron is instantaneous.
- U. Satya Sainadh
- , Han Xu
- & I. V. Litvinyuk
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The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect
Femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction reveals that in the ultrafast demagnitization of ferromagnetic iron, about 80% of the angular momentum lost from the spins is transferred to the lattice on a sub-picosecond timescale.
- C. Dornes
- , Y. Acremann
- & S. L. Johnson
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Extreme-ultraviolet refractive optics
A refractive lens and a refractive prism for extreme-ultraviolet radiation have been developed that use the deflection of the radiation in an inhomogeneous jet of atoms.
- L. Drescher
- , O. Kornilov
- & B. Schütte
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Letter |
Subcycle observation of lightwave-driven Dirac currents in a topological surface band
Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals how Dirac fermions in the band structure of the topological surface state of Bi2Te3 are accelerated by the carrier wave of a terahertz-frequency light pulse.
- J. Reimann
- , S. Schlauderer
- & R. Huber
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Probing the interatomic potential of solids with strong-field nonlinear phononics
Ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses can drive atoms far from their equilibrium positions in LiNbO3, exciting high phonon harmonics and providing a way to map the interatomic potential.
- A. von Hoegen
- , R. Mankowsky
- & A. Cavalleri
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Light-field-driven currents in graphene
Light-field-driven control of electrons in a conductor is demonstrated by inducing a current by laser pulses in graphene that is sensitive to the carrier-envelope phase.
- Takuya Higuchi
- , Christian Heide
- & Peter Hommelhoff
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Subcycle quantum electrodynamics
Few-femtosecond laser pulses are used to generate squeezed mid-infrared light transients and to detect distorted quantum fluctuations of the electric field directly in the time domain.
- C. Riek
- , P. Sulzer
- & A. Leitenstorfer
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Tracking the ultrafast motion of a single molecule by femtosecond orbital imaging
Watching a single molecule move calls for measurements that combine ultrafast temporal resolution with atomic spatial resolution; this is now shown to be possible by combining scanning tunnelling microscopy with lightwave electronics, through a technique that involves removing a single electron from the highest occupied orbital of a single pentacene molecule in a time window shorter than an oscillation cycle of light.
- Tyler L. Cocker
- , Dominik Peller
- & Rupert Huber
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Multi-petahertz electronic metrology
Investigations using single-cycle intense optical fields to drive electron motion in bulk silicon dioxide show that the light-induced electric currents extend in frequency up to about 8 petahertz.
- M. Garg
- , M. Zhan
- & E. Goulielmakis
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Attosecond nonlinear polarization and light–matter energy transfer in solids
Petahertz-bandwidth metrology is demonstrated in the measurement of nonlinear polarization in silica.
- A. Sommer
- , E. M. Bothschafter
- & F. Krausz
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Lightwave-driven quasiparticle collisions on a subcycle timescale
A quasiparticle collider is developed that uses femtosecond optical pulses to create electron–hole pairs in the layered dichalcogenide tungsten diselenide, and a strong terahertz field to accelerate and collide the electrons with the holes.
- F. Langer
- , M. Hohenleutner
- & R. Huber
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Optical attosecond pulses and tracking the nonlinear response of bound electrons
Intense light pulses in the visible and adjacent spectral ranges with their energy mostly confined to a half wave cycle—optical attosecond pulses—are synthesized and used to measure the time it takes electrons to respond to light.
- M. Th. Hassan
- , T. T. Luu
- & E. Goulielmakis
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Real-time observation of interfering crystal electrons in high-harmonic generation
The generation of high harmonics in the solid phase is studied with time-resolved measurements and a quantum many-body theory; the underlying motion of electrons is found to differ from that observed during high-harmonic generation in atomic gases, and involves quantum interference between electrons from multiple valence bands.
- M. Hohenleutner
- , F. Langer
- & R. Huber
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A temporal cloak at telecommunication data rate
The ‘time cloak’ experiment is extended here using a time analogue of the Talbot effect in optics — in which a plane wave incident on a diffraction grating produces repeated images of the grating at regular distances — to show that almost half of the time axis can be concealed.
- Joseph M. Lukens
- , Daniel E. Leaird
- & Andrew M. Weiner
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Controlling dielectrics with the electric field of light
The ultrafast reversibility of changes to the electronic structure and electric polarizability of a dielectric with the electric field of a laser pulse, demonstrated here, offers the potential for petahertz-bandwidth optical signal manipulation.
- Martin Schultze
- , Elisabeth M. Bothschafter
- & Ferenc Krausz