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| Open AccessDiversity of spatiotemporal coding reveals specialized visual processing streams in the mouse cortex
The cerebral cortex contains different neural representations of the visual scene. Here, the authors show diverse and stereotyped tuning composing specialized representations in the dorsal and ventral areas of the mouse visual cortex, suggesting parallel processing channels and streams.
- Xu Han
- , Ben Vermaercke
- & Vincent Bonin
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessComplexity of biological scaling suggests an absence of systematic trade-offs between sensory modalities in Drosophila
- Max S. Farnworth
- & Stephen H. Montgomery
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Article
| Open AccessTranscriptional adaptation of olfactory sensory neurons to GPCR identity and activity
Olfaction in mammals relies on a toolbox composed of a varied set of sensory neurons. Here, the authors report in mice that this olfactory neuronal diversity relies both on the chemoreceptor that each neuron expresses and on the experience of this neuron.
- Luis Flores Horgue
- , Alexis Assens
- & Ivan Rodriguez
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Article
| Open AccessAuditory processing remains sensitive to environmental experience during adolescence in a rodent model
Anbuhl et al. identify adolescence as a time of vulnerability to sensory deprivation. They find that even a transient loss of auditory experience causes long-lasting perceptual deficits that originate, in part, from a cortical processing deficit.
- Kelsey L. Anbuhl
- , Justin D. Yao
- & Dan H. Sanes
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Article
| Open AccessMultisensory task demands temporally extend the causal requirement for visual cortex in perception
How primary sensory cortices contribute to decision making remains poorly understood. Here the authors report that increasing task demands extend the temporal window in which the primary visual cortex is required for detecting identical stimuli.
- Matthijs N. Oude Lohuis
- , Jean L. Pie
- & Umberto Olcese
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Article
| Open AccessSensory adaptation mediates efficient and unambiguous encoding of natural stimuli by vestibular thalamocortical pathways
Sensory adaptation is widely considered to involve a trade-off between optimality and ambiguity. Here, the authors explored sensory adaptation to both naturalistic and artificial stimuli and found that, owing to contrast gain control, there is unambiguous optimized encoding of naturalistic stimuli.
- Jerome Carriot
- , Graham McAllister
- & Maurice J. Chacron
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Article
| Open AccessDiurnal changes in the efficiency of information transmission at a sensory synapse
Neuromodulators can adjust how sensory signals are processed. In this study, the authors demonstrate how time of day affects the way information is transmitted in the zebrafish retina.
- José Moya-Díaz
- , Ben James
- & Leon Lagnado
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Article
| Open AccessTranslaminar recurrence from layer 5 suppresses superficial cortical layers
The role of translaminar feedback projections between layer 5 and layers 2/3 in sensory processing remains unclear. Here, the authors show that ascending projections from layer 5 suppress superficial layers, and that this translaminar feedback sharpens feature selectivity in the primary auditory cortex.
- Koun Onodera
- & Hiroyuki K. Kato
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Article
| Open AccessMultisensory correlation computations in the human brain identified by a time-resolved encoding model
Neural mechanisms that arbitrate between integrating and segregating multisensory information are essential for complex scene analysis. Here, the authors show the existence of multisensory correlation detectors in the human brain which explains why and how causal inference is driven by the temporal correlation of multisensory signals.
- Jacques Pesnot Lerousseau
- , Cesare V. Parise
- & Virginie van Wassenhove
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Article
| Open AccessNeuronal pentraxin 2 is required for facilitating excitatory synaptic inputs onto spinal neurons involved in pruriceptive transmission in a model of chronic itch
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) are involved in pruriceptive behaviours. Here the authors show that neuronal pentraxin 2 upregulated in primary sensory neurons in chronic itch models is required for facilitating excitatory synaptic inputs onto GRPR expressing spinal neurons.
- Kensho Kanehisa
- , Keisuke Koga
- & Makoto Tsuda
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Article
| Open AccessSpontaneous variability in gamma dynamics described by a damped harmonic oscillator driven by noise
It remains unclear how to best model local field potential gamma oscillations. Here, the authors show that gamma dynamics are well-captured by a damped harmonic oscillator model.
- Georgios Spyropoulos
- , Matteo Saponati
- & Martin Vinck
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Article
| Open AccessReduced neural activity but improved coding in rodent higher-order visual cortex during locomotion
The authors analyze the Allen Institute Brain Observatory Ca2+ imaging data, focusing on mouse visual cortex during locomotive and quiescent states. They find that locomotion increases neural coding fidelity, regardless of whether population activity increases or decreases in response to the population’s preferred stimuli.
- Amelia J. Christensen
- & Jonathan W. Pillow
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Article
| Open AccessDecoding internally generated transitions of conscious contents in the prefrontal cortex without subjective reports
The role of the prefrontal cortex in conscious perception is debated because of its involvement in task relevant behaviour, such as subjective perceptual reports. Here, the authors show that prefrontal activity in rhesus macaques correlates with subjective perception and the contents of consciousness can be decoded from prefrontal population activity even without reports.
- Vishal Kapoor
- , Abhilash Dwarakanath
- & Nikos K. Logothetis
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Article
| Open AccessTexture is encoded in precise temporal spiking patterns in primate somatosensory cortex
Neuroscientists seek to understand how neuronal signals carry information and drive perception. Here, the authors show that millisecond-level spike timing in somatosensory cortex is informative about texture and shapes the evoked sensory experience.
- Katie H. Long
- , Justin D. Lieber
- & Sliman J. Bensmaia
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Article
| Open AccessA bottom-up reward pathway mediated by somatostatin neurons in the medial septum complex underlying appetitive learning
Reward behaviour such as food seeking is essential for survival. Shen et al. describe an ascending neural pathway mediating transformation of rewarding taste signals and reward-cue associative learning via somatostatin neurons in the medial septum.
- Li Shen
- , Guang-Wei Zhang
- & Huizhong W. Tao
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Article
| Open AccessOpposite forms of adaptation in mouse visual cortex are controlled by distinct inhibitory microcircuits
The authors describe the role of inhibitory microcircuits in the visual cortex of mice in adaptation to contrast. They show how external stimuli and internal state interact to adjust processing in the visual cortex.
- Tristan G. Heintz
- , Antonio J. Hinojosa
- & Leon Lagnado
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Article
| Open AccessBrain-wide visual habituation networks in wild type and fmr1 zebrafish
Habituation is a process in which animals stop responding to repetitive stimuli, and habituation is altered in autism and other conditions. Here, the authors describe visual habituation networks across the zebrafish brain, and find that fmr1 mutants show slower brain-wide and behavioural habituation.
- Emmanuel Marquez-Legorreta
- , Lena Constantin
- & Ethan K. Scott
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Article
| Open AccessOrganic anion transporter 1 is an HDAC4-regulated mediator of nociceptive hypersensitivity in mice
Chronic pain is sustained by alterations in gene transcription. Here, the authors show that increased expression of Organic Anionic Transporter 1 in the spinal cord is epigenetically controlled and key to hypersensitivity in pathological pain.
- Christian Litke
- , Anna M. Hagenston
- & Daniela Mauceri
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Article
| Open AccessEmerging experience-dependent dynamics in primary somatosensory cortex reflect behavioral adaptation
Waiblinger et al. investigate the role of primary sensory cortex in flexible behaviors. They show that neuronal signals in S1 are part of an adaptive and dynamic framework that facilitates flexible behavior as an individual gains experience, indicating a role for S1 in long-term adaptive strategies.
- Christian Waiblinger
- , Megan E. McDonnell
- & Garrett B. Stanley
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Article
| Open AccessCoding strategy for surface luminance switches in the primary visual cortex of the awake monkey
How brightness is encoded in the visual cortex remains incompletely understood. By recording from macaque V1, the authors revealed a switch from surface to edge encoding that is mediated by widespread inhibition in the output layers of the cortex.
- Yi Yang
- , Tian Wang
- & Dajun Xing
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Article
| Open AccessCortical state dynamics and selective attention define the spatial pattern of correlated variability in neocortex
Noise correlations in the neocortex change dynamically with cognitive states. Here the authors show how heterogeneous spatial patterns of noise correlations emerge through interactions of cortical On-Off dynamics, connectivity, and attention.
- Yan-Liang Shi
- , Nicholas A. Steinmetz
- & Tatiana A. Engel
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Article
| Open AccessContext-independent encoding of passive and active self-motion in vestibular afferent fibers during locomotion in primates
Using experimental and computational approaches the authors show that the vestibular efferent system does not modulate peripheral coding during locomotion. Instead, vestibular afferents unambiguously convey information in a context independent manner.
- Isabelle Mackrous
- , Jérome Carriot
- & Kathleen E. Cullen
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Article
| Open AccessGPCR voltage dependence controls neuronal plasticity and behavior
G-protein coupled receptors are regulated by the membrane potential in vitro. Here, the authors show that muscarinic receptor voltage independence causes a strong behavioural effect of increased odour habituation, showing that these receptors are also in vivo modulated by the membrane potential.
- Eyal Rozenfeld
- , Merav Tauber
- & Moshe Parnas
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Article
| Open AccessProactive and reactive accumulation-to-bound processes compete during perceptual decisions
Models of perceptual decision making typically take into account either reactive responses to external stimuli or proactive aspects to decision making. Here the authors found that rat perceptual responses are generated by a combination of the standard evidence accumulation process with a fixed decision boundary, and a separate stochastic boundary collapse triggered by a parallel proactive process.
- Lluís Hernández-Navarro
- , Ainhoa Hermoso-Mendizabal
- & Alexandre Hyafil
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Article
| Open AccessFunctionally distinct roles for eEF2K in the control of ribosome availability and p-body abundance
Processing bodies are phase separated compartments enriched in translationally repressed mRNAs. Here, Smith et al. show that, in sensory neurons, eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) plays key roles in the regulation of processing body abundance and the formation of translationally inactive ribosomes.
- Patrick R. Smith
- , Sarah Loerch
- & Zachary T. Campbell
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Article
| Open AccessRevealing nonlinear neural decoding by analyzing choices
Sensory data about most natural task-relevant variables are entangled with task-irrelevant nuisance variables. Here, the authors present a theoretical framework for quantifying how the brain uses or decodes its nonlinear information which indicates near-optimal nonlinear decoding.
- Qianli Yang
- , Edgar Walker
- & Xaq Pitkow
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Article
| Open AccessA sensory memory to preserve visual representations across eye movements
A late enhancement of the perisaccadic neural response may exist in extrastriate areas. Here the authors show this preserves pre-saccadic information until the post-saccadic information is received, maintaining an integrated representation of the visual scene across saccadic eye movements.
- Amir Akbarian
- , Kelsey Clark
- & Neda Nategh
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Article
| Open AccessSpontaneous traveling waves naturally emerge from horizontal fiber time delays and travel through locally asynchronous-irregular states
Spontaneous traveling cortical waves shape neural responses. Using a large-scale computational model, the authors show that transmission delays shape locally asynchronous spiking dynamics into traveling waves without inducing correlations and boost responses to external input, as observed in vivo.
- Zachary W. Davis
- , Gabriel B. Benigno
- & Lyle Muller
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Article
| Open AccessDynamics of history-dependent perceptual judgment
Identical physical inputs can evoke non-identical percepts. Here, the authors investigate the sources of such variability and find that rats and humans, trained to judge tactile vibration strength, express a robust sequential effect that could be modeled as the trial-by-trial incorporation of sensory history.
- I. Hachen
- , S. Reinartz
- & M. E. Diamond
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Article
| Open AccessA common computational principle for vibrotactile pitch perception in mouse and human
The features of vibrations provide key information on the surrounding environment. Here the authors show that a common computational principle underlies vibrotactile pitch perception in both mice and humans.
- Mario Prsa
- , Deniz Kilicel
- & Daniel Huber
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Article
| Open AccessOlfactory bulb astrocytes mediate sensory circuit processing through Sox9 in the mouse brain
Astrocytes can regulate neuronal activity. Here, the authors show that astrocyte-specific deletion of Sox9 results in impaired neuronal sensory processing in the mouse adult olfactory bulb.
- Kevin Ung
- , Teng-Wei Huang
- & Benjamin R. Arenkiel
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Article
| Open AccessStimulus-dependent representational drift in primary visual cortex
Here, the authors find that representational drift in visual cortex differs depending on the sensory stimulus, suggesting that the stability of neuronal responses is not a fixed property of individual cells, but rather depends on the encoded information.
- Tyler D. Marks
- & Michael J. Goard
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Article
| Open AccessThe physiological basis for contrast opponency in motion computation in Drosophila
The Drosophila visual system first computes motion in the dendrites of T4 and T5 neurons via a linear mechanism that uses ON and OFF information. Here, the authors show that the Tm9, Tm2, and CT1 neurons provide both ON and OFF information to direction-selective T5 cells in the OFF pathway.
- Giordano Ramos-Traslosheros
- & Marion Silies
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Article
| Open AccessA direct interareal feedback-to-feedforward circuit in primate visual cortex
In the cerebral cortex, information is processed by multiple hierarchically organized areas, reciprocally connected via feedforward and feedback circuits. Here the authors show that in primate visual cortex, feedforward projection neurons receive monosynaptic feedback contacts selectively from the area to which they project.
- Caitlin Siu
- , Justin Balsor
- & Alessandra Angelucci
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Article
| Open AccessInhibitory gating of coincidence-dependent sensory binding in secondary auditory cortex
Sound processing requires binding of frequency components into a unified perceptual object. Here the authors investigate the neural correlates in the mouse secondary auditory cortex underlying multifrequency binding in response to harmonic sounds.
- Amber M. Kline
- , Destinee A. Aponte
- & Hiroyuki K. Kato
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Article
| Open AccessOpposing effects of selectivity and invariance in peripheral vision
Visual processing necessitates both extracting and discarding information. Here, the authors use a specialized set of stimuli and two complementary discrimination tasks to demonstrate the opposing perceptual implications of these two aspects of information processing.
- Corey M. Ziemba
- & Eero P. Simoncelli
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Article
| Open AccessSTING suppresses bone cancer pain via immune and neuronal modulation
There is an unmet clinical need to develop therapies to alleviate metastatic bone pain, frequently observed in patients with advanced cancers. Here, using mouse models of bone cancer pain, the authors show that STING agonists not only suppress bone cancer tumor burden, but also attenuate bone pain and reduce cancer-induced bone destruction.
- Kaiyuan Wang
- , Christopher R. Donnelly
- & Ru-Rong Ji
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Article
| Open AccessAuditory input enhances somatosensory encoding and tactile goal-directed behavior
Multi-sensory input can lead to dendritic integration at the single neuron level. Here the authors show that combined auditory and somatosensory input increases distal dendritic and somatic activity in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the primary somatosensory cortex and decreases response latency during somatosensory-based goal-directed behaviour.
- L. Godenzini
- , D. Alwis
- & L. M. Palmer
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Article
| Open AccessReduction of corpus callosum activity during whisking leads to interhemispheric decorrelation
Interhemispheric correlations are mediated by the corpus callosum, an extensive fiber bundle connecting the cortical hemispheres. The authors show that interhemispheric correlations between the somatosensory cortices of awake mice are reduced during whisking as a result of lower callosal activity.
- Yael Oran
- , Yonatan Katz
- & Ilan Lampl
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Article
| Open AccessObject representations in the human brain reflect the co-occurrence statistics of vision and language
When people view an object, they can often guess the setting from which it was drawn and the other objects that might be found in that setting. Here the authors identify regions of the human visual system that represent this information about which objects tend to appear together in the world.
- Michael F. Bonner
- & Russell A. Epstein
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Article
| Open AccessMouse visual cortex contains a region of enhanced spatial resolution
The representation of space in mouse visual cortex was considered to be relatively uniform. The authors show that mice have improved visual resolution in a cortical region representing a location in space directly in front and slightly above them, showing that the representation of space in mouse visual cortex is non-uniform.
- Enny H. van Beest
- , Sreedeep Mukherjee
- & Matthew W. Self
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Article
| Open AccessMolecular and cellular basis of acid taste sensation in Drosophila
Many animals, including mammals and insects, like slightly acidic yet dislike highly acidic foods, but how animals discriminate low from high acidity is unclear. Here the authors demonstrate that the fruit fly uses an evolutionarily conserved taste receptor to distinguish low from high concentrations of acid.
- Tingwei Mi
- , John O. Mack
- & Yali V. Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessChildren’s exploratory play tracks the discriminability of hypotheses
People can infer unobserved causes of perceptual data (e.g. the contents of a box from the sound made by shaking it). Here the authors show that children compare what they hear with what they would have heard given other causes, and explore longer when the heard and imagined sounds are hard to discriminate.
- Max H. Siegel
- , Rachel W. Magid
- & Laura E. Schulz
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Article
| Open AccessNociceptive sensory neurons promote CD8 T cell responses to HSV-1 infection
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that often cause pain via the induction of ulcer or blisters. Here the authors show, in mouse models of HSV-1 infection, that the pain-perceiving nociceptor Nav1.8+ neurons contribute to regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses against HSV-1, thereby offering a potential target for therapy.
- Jessica Filtjens
- , Anais Roger
- & Sophie Ugolini
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Article
| Open AccessEMX2-GPR156-Gαi reverses hair cell orientation in mechanosensory epithelia
Sensory hair cells develop an asymmetric architecture to restrict stimulus detection to a single axis. Here the authors identify GPR156 as directing a 180-degree reversal in hair cell orientation through Gαi, downstream of EMX2 in the mouse inner ear and zebrafish lateral line.
- Katie S. Kindt
- , Anil Akturk
- & Basile Tarchini
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Article
| Open AccessFunctional and diffusion MRI reveal the neurophysiological basis of neonates’ noxious-stimulus evoked brain activity
The neurophysiological basis of neonatal responses to noxious stimulation is poorly understood. Using MRI, the authors observe that neonates’ noxious-stimulus evoked brain activity is coupled to both their resting-state network activity and white matter microstructure.
- Luke Baxter
- , Fiona Moultrie
- & Rebeccah Slater
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Article
| Open AccessNeural integration underlying naturalistic prediction flexibly adapts to varying sensory input rate
Predicting future sensory input based on past sensory information is essential for organisms to effectively adapt their behaviour in dynamic environments. The authors identify the neural mechanisms enabling humans to predict dynamic stimuli in natural environments despite large sensory input rate variations.
- Thomas J. Baumgarten
- , Brian Maniscalco
- & Biyu J. He
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Article
| Open AccessThalamocortical excitability modulation guides human perception under uncertainty
How is neural processing adjusted when people experience uncertainty about the relevance of a stimulus feature? Here, the authors provide evidence suggesting that heightened uncertainty shifts cortical networks from a rhythmic to an asynchronous (“excited”) state and that the thalamus is central for such uncertainty-related shifts.
- Julian Q. Kosciessa
- , Ulman Lindenberger
- & Douglas D. Garrett
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Article
| Open AccessA continuum of invariant sensory and behavioral-context perceptual coding in secondary somatosensory cortex
The secondary somatosensory cortex represents a range of invariant sensory responses and perceptual categorical codes across the population, with a continuum of mixed dynamics that abstractly depend on task‐demand, although the sensory representations remain unaltered.
- Román Rossi-Pool
- , Antonio Zainos
- & Ranulfo Romo