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| Open AccessArchitecture and autoinhibitory mechanism of the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 in Arabidopsis
SOS1 is a unique electroneutral Na+ /H+ antiporter at the plasma membrane of higher plants and plays a central role in resisting salt stress. Here, the authors report the structures of SOS1 in occluded state, identify the key autoinhibitory elements, and elucidate their molecular mechanism.
- Yuhang Wang
- , Chengcai Pan
- & Yan Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessDifferential CaKAN3-CaHSF8 associations underlie distinct immune and heat responses under high temperature and high humidity conditions
The authors reveal a mechanism in understanding the responses to Ralstonia solanacearum in pepper under high temperature and high humidity conditions, that is differential associations between transcription factors mediate distinct immune and heat responses.
- Sheng Yang
- , Weiwei Cai
- & Shuilin He
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Article
| Open AccessThe OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3 module orchestrates abiotic-biotic stress response trade-off in rice
Gu et al. report that the OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3 module plays an important role in coordinating the trade-off between heat tolerance and disease resistance, which positively regulates thermotolerance but negatively modulates immunity in rice.
- Xueting Gu
- , Fuyan Si
- & Junzhong Liu
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Article
| Open AccessSequencing trait-associated mutations to clone wheat rust-resistance gene YrNAM
Wheat stripe (yellow) rust is a devastating disease posing a threat to global production. Here, the authors report the cloning of a wheat stripe rust resistance gene encoding a protein with a NAM domain and a ZnF-BED domain using a strategy called sequencing trait-associated mutations (STAM).
- Fei Ni
- , Yanyan Zheng
- & Jiajie Wu
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Article
| Open AccessGeneration of the transgene-free canker-resistant Citrus sinensis using Cas12a/crRNA ribonucleoprotein in the T0 generation
Development of canker-resistant citrus cultivars via traditional approaches is a lengthy and laborious process. Here, the authors report the generation of regulatory approval, transgene-free, canker-resistant sweet orange lines using Cas12a/crRNA ribonucleoprotein-based susceptibility gene editing strategy.
- Hang Su
- , Yuanchun Wang
- & Nian Wang
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Article
| Open AccessA salivary GMC oxidoreductase of Manduca sexta re-arranges the green leaf volatile profile of its host plant
Green leaf volatiles are emitted from plants in response to stress. Here the authors identify an isomerase in Manduca sexta that both modulate plant green leaf volatiles and functions in insect development.
- Yu-Hsien Lin
- , Juliette J. M. Silven
- & Silke Allmann
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Article
| Open AccessConvergent evolution of plant pattern recognition receptors sensing cysteine-rich patterns from three microbial kingdoms
Plants have evolved pattern-recognition receptors to perceive pathogens. Here, the authors demonstrate that microbial small cysteine-rich proteins are eminent immune targets that led to convergent evolution of distinct immune receptors in plants.
- Yuankun Yang
- , Christina E. Steidele
- & Andrea A. Gust
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Article
| Open AccessA plant RNA virus inhibits NPR1 sumoylation and subverts NPR1-mediated plant immunity
Salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway restricts the compatible infection of potyviruses. Here, Liu et al. show that potyviral NIb interacts with NPR1, the SA receptor in plants, preventing its sumoylation by SUMO3 and subsequent phosphorylation at Ser11/Ser15. This way, NPR1-mediated immunity is suppressed to promote virus infection.
- Jiahui Liu
- , Xiaoyun Wu
- & Xiaofei Cheng
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Article
| Open AccessGenome-wide association studies identify OsWRKY53 as a key regulator of salt tolerance in rice
Only a few genetic variants have been identified to mediate salt tolerance in major crops and their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, the authors identify WRKY53 as a negative regulator of salt tolerance in rice, and show that it directly trans-regulates expression of MKK10.2 and HKT1;5 to meditate salt tolerance.
- Jun Yu
- , Chengsong Zhu
- & Jianmin Wan
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Article
| Open AccessFAT-switch-based quantitative S-nitrosoproteomics reveals a key role of GSNOR1 in regulating ER functions
This study developed a highly sensitive method for detecting S-nitrosylation peptides, which allows quantitative identification of S-nitrosylated proteins and reveals a key role of GSNOR1 in regulating endoplasmic reticulum functions in Arabidopsis.
- Guochen Qin
- , Menghuan Qu
- & Pengcheng Wang
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Article
| Open AccessFlavodiiron-mediated O2 photoreduction at photosystem I acceptor-side provides photoprotection to conifer thylakoids in early spring
Generally, net O2 consumption becomes dominant when photosynthesis is suppressed at night in green organisms. Here, Bag et al. show that Scots pine and Norway spruce needles display strong O2 consumption when extremely low temperatures coincide with high solar irradiation during early spring.
- Pushan Bag
- , Tatyana Shutova
- & Stefan Jansson
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Article
| Open AccessThe COG1-OsSERL2 complex senses cold to trigger signaling network for chilling tolerance in japonica rice
Improvement of chilling tolerance is a key strategy in rice production. Here the authors report that the QTL gene COG1 confers chilling tolerance in japonica rice. COG1 interacts and activates OsSERL2 to transmit the cold signal for chilling defense.
- Changxuan Xia
- , Guohua Liang
- & Yunyuan Xu
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Article
| Open AccessThe thioesterase APT1 is a bidirectional-adjustment redox sensor
Cellular redox homeostasis is important when responding to environmental changes. Here, the authors demonstrate APT1 is a redox sensor in plant defense and identify a pathway for oxidative stress resistance.
- Tuo Ji
- , Lihua Zheng
- & Tao Wang
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Article
| Open AccessUDP-glucosyltransferase OsUGT75A promotes submergence tolerance during rice seed germination
Elongated coleoptile contributes submergence tolerance during germination of direct seeded rice. Here, the authors show that natural variation of rice coleoptile length is determined by the glycosyltransferase encoding gene OsUGT75A by reducing free ABA and JA levels through glycosylation of these two phytohormones.
- Yongqi He
- , Shan Sun
- & Zhoufei Wang
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Article
| Open AccessThe Arabidopsis endosperm is a temperature-sensing tissue that implements seed thermoinhibition through phyB
Piskurewicz et al. show that seed thermoinhibition is controlled by endospermic phytochrome B (phyB). High temperature decreases endospermic phyB signaling, which promotes DELLA- and PIFmediated endospermic ABA release that blocks germination.
- Urszula Piskurewicz
- , Maria Sentandreu
- & Luis Lopez-Molina
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Article
| Open AccessAllelic variation of TaWD40-4B.1 contributes to drought tolerance by modulating catalase activity in wheat
Drought stress limits wheat production around the world. Here, the authors report allelic variation of a WD40 encoding gene TaWD40-4B.1 contributes to wheat drought tolerance by interacting with canonical catalases as a chaperone to promote their activities to avoid ROS over accumulation.
- Geng Tian
- , Shubin Wang
- & Mengcheng Wang
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Article
| Open AccessCross-stress gene expression atlas of Marchantia polymorpha reveals the hierarchy and regulatory principles of abiotic stress responses
How plants respond to multiple stresses occurring simultaneously is poorly understood. Here the authors describe how gene expression in Marchantia polymorpha responds to different combinations of seven abiotic stresses and provide online resources to facilitate data visualization and usability.
- Qiao Wen Tan
- , Peng Ken Lim
- & Marek Mutwil
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Article
| Open AccessPotassium nutrient status drives posttranslational regulation of a low-K response network in Arabidopsis
Potassium is essential for plant growth and development. Here the authors present evidence that plants respond to low potassium availability by modulating the abundance and phosphorylation status of proteins in CBL-CIPK-channel modules.
- Kun-Lun Li
- , Ren-Jie Tang
- & Sheng Luan
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Article
| Open AccessComplementary peptides represent a credible alternative to agrochemicals by activating translation of targeted proteins
Feeding an increasing world population in the context of climate change is one of the grand challenges faced by our generation. Here, the authors show that external application of synthetic complementary peptides can increase the abundance of target proteins to modulate plant growth or stress resistance.
- Mélanie Ormancey
- , Bruno Guillotin
- & Jean-Philippe Combier
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Article
| Open AccessCross-kingdom synthetic microbiota supports tomato suppression of Fusarium wilt disease
Rhizosphere microbiota can influence plant pathogen interactions. Here the authors use field- and lab-based approaches to show that rhizosphere bacteria and fungi of healthy tomatoes can enhance tomato resistance against Fusarium wilt disease and formulate synthetic microbial communities that could help to control soil-borne disease.
- Xin Zhou
- , Jinting Wang
- & Lei Cai
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Article
| Open AccessGenome of Paspalum vaginatum and the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass
Paspalum vaginatum is a stress tolerant wild relative of maize and sorghum. Here, the authors assemble its genome at pseudomolecule level and reveal the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass productivity under nutrient-deficit conditions.
- Guangchao Sun
- , Nishikant Wase
- & James C. Schnable
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Article
| Open AccessPexophagy suppresses ROS-induced damage in leaf cells under high-intensity light
Pexophagy plays a pivotal role in the selective removal of ROS-generating peroxisomes, which protects plants from oxidative damage during photosynthesis under high-intensity light.
- Kazusato Oikawa
- , Shino Goto-Yamada
- & Mikio Nishimura
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Article
| Open AccessCalcium-mediated rapid movements defend against herbivorous insects in Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica moves its leaves within seconds of being touched or wounded. Here the authors show that such movements are triggered by rapid changes in Ca2+ and action and variation potentials and provide evidence that rapid movements help protect the plant from insect attacks.
- Takuma Hagihara
- , Hiroaki Mano
- & Masatsugu Toyota
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Article
| Open AccessN6-methyladenosine RNA modification promotes viral genomic RNA stability and infection
Wheat production is threatened by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV). Here, via genome-wide association study, the authors report that a putative methyltransferase B positively regulates WYMV infection through enhancing viral genomic RNA stability by N6-methyladenosine RNA modification.
- Tianye Zhang
- , Chaonan Shi
- & Jian Yang
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Article
| Open AccessCloning southern corn rust resistant gene RppK and its cognate gene AvrRppK from Puccinia polysora
Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora is a major maize disease that can result in major yield loss. Here, the authors report the expression of a CC-NB-LRR type of R gene RppK results in SCR resistance in susceptible maize lines and it can recognize the effector AvrRppK produced by P. polysora.
- Gengshen Chen
- , Bao Zhang
- & Zhibing Lai
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Article
| Open AccessNatural variation of DROT1 confers drought adaptation in upland rice
Genetic basis of the drought tolerance of upland rice is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of a COBRA-like protein encoding gene DROT1 and reveal that it is repressed by ERF3 and activated by ERF71 to help control the balance between growth and drought tolerance in upland rice.
- Xingming Sun
- , Haiyan Xiong
- & Zichao Li
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Article
| Open AccessTranslational fidelity and growth of Arabidopsis require stress-sensitive diphthamide biosynthesis
Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine residue present in animal and yeast TRANSLATION ELONGATION FACTOR2. Here the authors show that diphthamide modification of eEF2 is conserved in Arabidopsis thaliana and contributes to translational fidelity and growth via cell proliferation.
- Hongliang Zhang
- , Julia Quintana
- & Ute Krämer
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Article
| Open AccessA natural uORF variant confers phosphorus acquisition diversity in soybean
Improving phosphorus (P) acquisition efficiency is important for sustainable agriculture. Here, the authors report a natural variation in an upstream open reading frame of a SEC12-like gene GmPHF1 is crucial for protein abundance and spatial distribution of GmPHF1, which contribute to P acquisition diversity in soybean.
- Zilong Guo
- , Hongrui Cao
- & Hong Liao
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Article
| Open AccessCloning of the broadly effective wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr42 transferred from Aegilops tauschii
The Aegilops tauschii-derived leaf rust resistance gene Lr42 has been widely used for breeding resistance wheat cultivars, but the molecular basis is unknown. Here, the authors show that Lr42 encodes an NLR-type of disease resistance gene by bulked segregant mapping in Ae. tauschii and confirm its function in common wheat.
- Guifang Lin
- , Hui Chen
- & Sanzhen Liu
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Article
| Open AccessIdentification of positive and negative regulators of antiviral RNA interference in Arabidopsis thaliana
Whether natural variations of plant virus resistance are enriched in genes of RNA interference pathway is unknown. Here, via genome-wide association studies, the authors identify regulators of the RDR6 and DCL2 antiviral pathways are involved in quantitative resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis.
- Si Liu
- , Meijuan Chen
- & Shou-Wei Ding
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Article
| Open AccessThe barley leaf rust resistance gene Rph3 encodes a predicted membrane protein and is induced upon infection by avirulent pathotypes of Puccinia hordei
Leaf rust is an economically significant disease of barley. Here the authors describe cloning of the barley Rph3 leaf rust resistance gene and reveal it encodes a predicted transmembrane protein that is expressed upon infection by Rph3-avirulent Puccinia hordei isolates.
- Hoan X. Dinh
- , Davinder Singh
- & Mohammad Pourkheirandish
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Article
| Open AccessA dirigent family protein confers variation of Casparian strip thickness and salt tolerance in maize
Most crops are farmed under high transpiring environments, but our understanding of transpiration-dependent salt tolerance (TDST) remains limited. Here, the authors report a dirigent family protein is responsible for TDST by affecting lignin deposition at Casparian strip barrier and transportation of Na+ across the endodermis.
- Yanyan Wang
- , Yibo Cao
- & Caifu Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessAegilops sharonensis genome-assisted identification of stem rust resistance gene Sr62
Aegilops sharonensis is a wild diploid relative of wheat. Here, the authors assemble the genome of Ae. sharonensis and use the assembly as an aid to clone the Ae. sharonensis-derived stem rust resistance gene Sr62 in the allohexaploid genome of wheat.
- Guotai Yu
- , Oadi Matny
- & Brande B. H. Wulff
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Article
| Open AccessApoplastic class III peroxidases PRX62 and PRX69 promote Arabidopsis root hair growth at low temperature
Arabidopsis root hair growth is enhanced at low temperatures. Here the authors show that the class III peroxidases PRX62 and PRX69 modulate ROS homeostasis and cell wall characteristics, and promote root hair elongation at low temperature.
- Javier Martínez Pacheco
- , Philippe Ranocha
- & José M. Estevez
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Article
| Open AccessMechanosensory trichome cells evoke a mechanical stimuli–induced immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant immunity can be induced by pathogen signals or environmental cues. Here, the authors show that plant leaves use trichomes to sense incoming raindrops and trigger basal defence responses to protect against subsequent microbial infection.
- Mamoru Matsumura
- , Mika Nomoto
- & Yasuomi Tada
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Article
| Open AccessCotranslational N-degron masking by acetylation promotes proteome stability in plants
N-terminal protein acetylation is required for plant viability. Here the authors show that reducing N-terminal acetylation by NatA leads to an increase in global protein turnover that is facilitated by absent masking of a novel N-degron
- Eric Linster
- , Francy L. Forero Ruiz
- & Markus Wirtz
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Article
| Open AccessPhloem iron remodels root development in response to ammonium as the major nitrogen source
Ammonium affects plant root development through different mechanisms than nitrate. Here, the authors show that the Arabidopsis cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 is required to attenuate root growth in response to ammonium.
- Xing Xing Liu
- , Hai Hua Zhang
- & Chong Wei Jin
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Article
| Open AccessActivation of the plant mevalonate pathway by extracellular ATP
Products of the mevalonate pathway support plant development. Here the authors show that the extracellular ATP receptor P2K1 phosphorylates mevalonate kinase and this affects the mevalonate pathway.
- Sung-Hwan Cho
- , Katalin Tóth
- & Gary Stacey
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Article
| Open AccessNuA4 and H2A.Z control environmental responses and autotrophic growth in Arabidopsis
Function of nucleosomal acetyltransferase of H4 (NuA4), one major complex of HAT, remains unclear in plants. Here, the authors generate mutants targeting two components of the putative NuA4 complex in Arabidopsis (EAF1 and EPL1) and show their roles in photosynthesis genes regulation through H4K5ac and H2A.Z acetylation.
- Tomasz Bieluszewski
- , Weronika Sura
- & Piotr A. Ziolkowski
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Article
| Open AccessThe 2018 European heatwave led to stem dehydration but not to consistent growth reductions in forests
Forest dynamics are monitored at large scales with remote sensing, but individual tree data are necessary for ground-truthing and mechanistic insights. This study on high temporal resolution dendrometer data across Europe reveals that the 2018 heatwave affected tree physiology and growth in unexpected way.
- Roberto L. Salomón
- , Richard L. Peters
- & Kathy Steppe
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Article
| Open AccessInterdependent iron and phosphorus availability controls photosynthesis through retrograde signaling
Iron deficiency induces chlorosis in plants but only when phosphate supply is sufficient. Here, the authors show that phosphate-dependency is governed by a ROS-mediated retrograde signaling pathway involving the PHT4;4 chloroplast ascorbate transporter and the bZIP58 nuclear transcription factor.
- Hye-In Nam
- , Zaigham Shahzad
- & Hatem Rouached
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Article
| Open AccessA plant virus satellite RNA directly accelerates wing formation in its insect vector for spread
The cucumber mosaic virus is accompanied by short RNA molecules, satellite RNAs. This study shows that leaves infected with Y-satellite RNA preferentially attract aphids and manipulate aphid physiology to promote their spread to neighbouring plants.
- Wikum H. Jayasinghe
- , Hangil Kim
- & Chikara Masuta
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Article
| Open AccessThe barley immune receptor Mla recognizes multiple pathogens and contributes to host range dynamics
The genes underlying stripe rust host specificity between wheat and barley remain unknown. Here, the authors report that Rps6, Rps7 and Rps8 determine host species specificity in barley at different stages of the pathogen lifecycle and the barley powdery mildew immune receptor Mla8 and Rps7 are the same gene.
- Jan Bettgenhaeuser
- , Inmaculada Hernández-Pinzón
- & Matthew J. Moscou
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Article
| Open AccessMPK3- and MPK6-mediated VLN3 phosphorylation regulates actin dynamics during stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis
Plants can rapidly close stomata to restrict pathogen entry into leaves. Here the authors show that phosphorylation of villin3 by mitogen-activated protein kinases modulates actin remodeling to activate stomatal defense in Arabidopsis.
- Minxia Zou
- , Mengmeng Guo
- & Jiejie Li
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Article
| Open AccessA giant NLR gene confers broad-spectrum resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean
While multiple resistance-to-Phytophthora sojae loci/alleles have been mapped in soybean, many of them have become ineffective to newly evolved isolates. Here, the authors show that a 27.7-kb nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat gene confers broad-spectrum resistance to P. sojae in soybean.
- Weidong Wang
- , Liyang Chen
- & Jianxin Ma
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Article
| Open AccessArabidopsis P4 ATPase-mediated cell detoxification confers resistance to Fusarium graminearum and Verticillium dahliae
Toxic metabolites produced by phytopathogens can subvert host immunity. Here the authors show that the Arabidopsis P4-ATPases, AtALA1 and AtALA7 mediate mycotoxin detoxification by promoting vesicle transport and their subsequent sequestration and degradation in vacuoles.
- Fanlong Wang
- , Xianbi Li
- & Yan Pei
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Article
| Open AccessDivergent abiotic spectral pathways unravel pathogen stress signals across species
Spectral screening can be used to monitor plant health. Here via airborne hyperspectral imaging of tree species, the authors show that spectral pathways associated with vascular pathogens can be distinguished from those linked to abiotic stress providing the potential for early detection of threatening diseases.
- P. J. Zarco-Tejada
- , T. Poblete
- & J. A. Navas-Cortes
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Article
| Open AccessThe Arabidopsis MIK2 receptor elicits immunity by sensing a conserved signature from phytocytokines and microbes
Peptide signals generated during plant microbe interactions can trigger immune responses in plants. Here the authors show that SCOOP12, a member of a family of peptides present in Brassicaceae plants, and SCOOP12-like motifs in Fusarium fungi, can trigger immune responses following perception by the MIK2 receptor kinase.
- Shuguo Hou
- , Derui Liu
- & Ping He
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Article
| Open AccessExcessive ammonium assimilation by plastidic glutamine synthetase causes ammonium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana
Ammonium is an important nitrogen source for plants but excess ammonium impairs growth. Here the authors show that ammonium toxicity results from assimilation by GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 2 in the plastids which results in excess proton accumulation and acidity stress.
- Takushi Hachiya
- , Jun Inaba
- & Hitoshi Sakakibara