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| Open AccessA phosphoinositide hub connects CLE peptide signaling and polar auxin efflux regulation
In this paper the authors demonstrate that auxin efflux in the phloem vascular tissue of plants is determined by antagonism between CLE peptide signaling pathways and phosphoinositide kinases.
- Qian Wang
- , A. Cecilia Aliaga Fandino
- & Christian S. Hardtke
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Article
| Open AccessCommon evolutionary trajectory of short life-cycle in Brassicaceae ruderal weeds
Understanding origin and adaptation of weeds is important for their management. Here, via genome assembly, population genomics, and QTL mapping, the authors establish Cardamine occulta as a model to study weed ruderality and show FLC and CRY2 as genetic drivers for the establishment of short life cycle.
- Ling-Zi Li
- , Zhou-Geng Xu
- & Jia-Wei Wang
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Article
| Open AccessArabidopsis DXO1 activates RNMT1 to methylate the mRNA guanosine cap
Arabidopsis DXO1 is a member of the eukaryotic DXO family of decapping enzymes for NAD-capped RNAs. Here the authors show that DXO1 is an essential component in canonical m7G capping of mRNA and activates RNMT1 which methylates the guanosine cap to form the m7G cap.
- Chen Xiao
- , Kaien Li
- & Yiji Xia
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Article
| Open AccessEvidence that endosperm turgor pressure both promotes and restricts seed growth and size
Using computational simulations and experiments, the authors propose a mechanical model of seed growth where endosperm pressure directly induces growth but indirectly inhibits it through force-dependent testa wall stiffening.
- Audrey Creff
- , Olivier Ali
- & Benoit Landrein
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-frequency synthetic apomixis in hybrid rice
Previously, a proof-of-concept for low frequency synthetic apomixis was established in a laboratory strain of rice by combining MiMe mutations with the egg cell expression of the embryogenic trigger - BBM1. Here, the authors achieve clonal seed formation in hybrid rice with almost full penetrance and higher fertility.
- Aurore Vernet
- , Donaldo Meynard
- & Emmanuel Guiderdoni
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Article
| Open AccessHistone H3.3 deposition in seed is essential for the post-embryonic developmental competence in Arabidopsis
Producing vigorous seeds that can germinate and establish seedlings is vital for plant propagation. Here, the authors report the critical function of histone variant H3.3 in establishing chromatin accessibility and seed vigour in Arabidopsis.
- Ting Zhao
- , Jingyun Lu
- & Danhua Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessStructural insights into mechanism and specificity of the plant protein O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY
Arabidopsis SPINDLY (SPY) is a nucleocytoplasmic protein O-fucosyltransferase. Here, the authors present a crystal structure of Arabidopsis SPY/GDP complex, reveal SPY’s substrate recognition and enzyme mechanism, and provide insights into the glycan donor substrate selection in GT41 proteins.
- Li Zhu
- , Xiting Wei
- & Shutong Xu
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Article
| Open AccessGenomic basis of the giga-chromosomes and giga-genome of tree peony Paeonia ostii
Tree peony (Paeonia ostii) has the largest chromosome of any sequenced plants to date. Here, the authors assemble its genome and reveal the association of a list of candidate genes with fatty acid biosynthesis and the possible contribution of transposon and histone expansion to maintain the giga-chromosomes.
- Junhui Yuan
- , Sanjie Jiang
- & Yonghong Hu
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Article
| Open AccessCRY2 interacts with CIS1 to regulate thermosensory flowering via FLM alternative splicing
CRY2 mediates photoperiod-responsive floral initiation in Arabidopsis. Here the authors show that CRY2 also regulates temperature sensitive flowering and that CRY2 can interact with and regulate the splicing factor CIS1 to affect alternative splicing of transcripts that regulate flowering.
- Zhiwei Zhao
- , Craig Dent
- & Hongtao Liu
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Article
| Open AccessSpecification of female germline by microRNA orchestrated auxin signaling in Arabidopsis
In most flowering plants, a single megaspore mother cell (MMC) is formed in each ovule. Here the authors show that miR160 and the auxin response factor ARF17 act to promote MMC fate via SPL/NZZ and control auxin signaling to prevent somatic cells from acquiring MMC fate.
- Jian Huang
- , Lei Zhao
- & Dazhong Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessConserved signalling components coordinate epidermal patterning and cuticle deposition in barley
The leaf epidermis is sealed by a lipid-rich cuticle to prevent water loss and interspersed with stomatal pores to allow gas exchange. Here the authors provide evidence that two barley proteins, HvYDA1 and HvBRX-Solo, regulate both processes linking epidermal patterning with cuticular properties in a cereal crop.
- Linsan Liu
- , Sarah B. Jose
- & Sarah M. McKim
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Article
| Open AccessA combination of plasma membrane sterol biosynthesis and autophagy is required for shade-induced hypocotyl elongation
Plants subject to vegetative shade receive a low quantity of blue light (LB) and a low ratio of red to far-red light (LFLR). Here the authors show that while LB induces autophagy, LFLR leads to changes in lipid metabolism, and propose that these processes may contribute to shade avoidance responses.
- Yetkin Çaka Ince
- , Johanna Krahmer
- & Christian Fankhauser
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Article
| Open AccessA NAC-EXPANSIN module enhances maize kernel size by controlling nucellus elimination
Current studies of maize kernel development mostly focus on endosperm and embryo development, and little is known about the control of the nucellus tissue. Here, the authors report a NAC-EXPB15 pathway that regulate maize kernel size by modulating nucellus elimination and early endosperm development.
- Qin Sun
- , Yunfu Li
- & Fazhan Qiu
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Article
| Open AccessEnzymes and cellular interplay required for flux of fixed nitrogen to ureides in bean nodules
Tropical legumes export fixed nitrogen from nodules as ureides. Here, the authors describe how ureides are produced by several biosynthetic enzymes in different nodule cell types and provide explanations for metabolic compartmentation.
- Luisa Voß
- , Katharina J. Heinemann
- & Claus-Peter Witte
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| Open AccessDistinct ankyrin repeat subdomains control VAPYRIN locations and intracellular accommodation functions during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
VAPYRIN is a plant protein required for symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here the authors identify VAPYRIN domains that control subcellular targeting and protein-protein interactions and propose that VAPYRIN acts in the nucleus and cytoplasm to coordinate signaling and intracellular arbuscule accommodation.
- Penelope L. Lindsay
- , Sergey Ivanov
- & Maria J. Harrison
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Article
| Open AccessPIF7 is a master regulator of thermomorphogenesis in shade
Plant hypocotyl elongation response to light and temperature. Here the authors show that shade combined with warm temperature synergistically enhances the hypocotyl growth response via the PIF7 transcription factor, auxin, and as yet unknown factor.
- Yogev Burko
- , Björn Christopher Willige
- & Joanne Chory
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Article
| Open AccessSpatially patterned hydrogen peroxide orchestrates stomatal development in Arabidopsis
Stomatal development is regulated by multiple intrinsic developmental and environmental signals. Here, the authors show that spatially patterned hydrogen peroxide activates the energy sensor SnRK1 to stabilize the SPCH transcription factor and optimize stomatal development in Arabidopsis.
- Wen Shi
- , Lingyan Wang
- & Ming-Yi Bai
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Article
| Open AccessThe receptor kinase SRF3 coordinates iron-level and flagellin dependent defense and growth responses in plants
Iron homeostasis is known to influence plant immune signaling. Here the authors characterize SRF3, a receptor kinase that acts as a negative regulator of callose synthesis, that is required for root responses to iron deficiency and pathogen signals.
- Matthieu Pierre Platre
- , Santosh B. Satbhai
- & Wolfgang Busch
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Article
| Open AccessMechanism of fertilization-induced auxin synthesis in the endosperm for seed and fruit development
In flowering plants, fertilization triggers auxin synthesis in the endosperm to promote seed and fruit development. Here the authors show that an MADS-box transcription factor AGL62 is required to activate auxin synthesis in the endosperms of Fragaria vesca, a diploid strawberry, and Arabidopsis.
- Lei Guo
- , Xi Luo
- & Zhongchi Liu
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Article
| Open AccessA 3D gene expression atlas of the floral meristem based on spatial reconstruction of single nucleus RNA sequencing data
Single-cell transcriptomics allows gene expression heterogeneity to be assessed at cellular resolution but the original location of each cell is unknown. Here the authors combine single nuclei RNA-seq with 3D spatial reconstruction of floral meristems to link gene activities with morphology.
- Manuel Neumann
- , Xiaocai Xu
- & Jose M. Muino
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Article
| Open AccessDichotomy of the BSL phosphatase signaling spatially regulates MAPK components in stomatal fate determination
In Arabidopsis, BSL1 localizes to the cell cortex and activates the MAPKK Kinase YDA to inhibit stomatal production. Here the authors show that three other BSL proteins BSL2, BSL3, and BSU1 act in the nucleus to deactivate MPK6 and promote stomatal formation.
- Xiaoyu Guo
- , Xue Ding
- & Juan Dong
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Article
| Open AccessROS homeostasis mediated by MPK4 and SUMM2 determines synergid cell death
Synergid cells undergo programmed cell death following pollen tube reception and successful fertilization. Here the authors show that premature synergid cell death is prevented by the mitogen activated protein kinase MPK4 and the R protein SUMM2 which maintain ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
- Ronny Völz
- , William Harris
- & Yong-Hwan Lee
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Article
| Open AccessA hierarchical transcriptional network activates specific CDK inhibitors that regulate G2 to control cell size and number in Arabidopsis
Cell division and expansion are carefully coordinated during organ growth. Here, the authors show that the SCL28 and SMOS1 transcription factors interact to regulate cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and promote cell size increase over division in Arabidopsis.
- Yuji Nomoto
- , Hirotomo Takatsuka
- & Masaki Ito
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Article
| Open AccessThe phytochrome interacting proteins ERF55 and ERF58 repress light-induced seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
Phytochromes regulate light-dependent seed germination in plants. Here the authors show that light-activated phytochromes bind two ERF transcriptional regulators and repress their activity to allow completion of germination.
- Zenglin Li
- , David J. Sheerin
- & Andreas Hiltbrunner
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Article
| Open AccessUsing CRISPR-Kill for organ specific cell elimination by cleavage of tandem repeats
How double strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired within the plant 45S rDNA repeats is unclear. Here, the authors show that Cas9-mediated DSBs in 45S rDNA are mainly repaired by cNHEJ and describe CRISPR-Kill as a tool for organ-specific cell elimination by targeting functional repetitive DNA in Arabidopsis.
- Angelina Schindele
- , Fabienne Gehrke
- & Holger Puchta
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Article
| Open AccessExtracellular vesiculo-tubular structures associated with suberin deposition in plant cell walls
Suberizing plant cells export suberin monomers outside of the cell to form a hydrophobic barrier. Here the authors propose a role for extracellular vesiculo-tubular structures in the deposition of suberin monomers.
- Damien De Bellis
- , Lothar Kalmbach
- & Marie Barberon
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Article
| Open AccessDNA methylation-free Arabidopsis reveals crucial roles of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression and development
Our understanding of the extent of involvement of DNA methylation in genome-wide gene regulation and plant developmental control is incomplete. Here, the authors knock out all five known DNA methyltransferases and show the developmental and gene expression changes in the DNA methylation-free Arabidopsis plants.
- Li He
- , Huan Huang
- & Jian-Kang Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessTwo zinc finger proteins with functions in m6A writing interact with HAKAI
The components of m6A writer and their interactions are still far from fully understood. Here, the authors identify two HAKAI-interacting zinc finger proteins, HIZ1 and HIZ2, as components of the Arabidopsis m6A writer complex, and show that hiz2 mutant plants have an 85% reduction in m6A abundance and severe developmental defects.
- Mi Zhang
- , Zsuzsanna Bodi
- & Rupert G. Fray
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Article
| Open AccessPhloem iron remodels root development in response to ammonium as the major nitrogen source
Ammonium affects plant root development through different mechanisms than nitrate. Here, the authors show that the Arabidopsis cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 is required to attenuate root growth in response to ammonium.
- Xing Xing Liu
- , Hai Hua Zhang
- & Chong Wei Jin
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Article
| Open AccessNitrogen nutrition contributes to plant fertility by affecting meiosis initiation
Nitrogen deficiency can cause floral abortion during reproductive development of rice. Here the authors show that when nitrogen is limited, rice plants require the ETFβ protein, which is involved in branched chain amino acid catabolism, to promote nitrogen reutilization and support the initiation of meiosis.
- Han Yang
- , Yafei Li
- & Zhukuan Cheng
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Article
| Open AccessPHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE transcription factors enable arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis
Arbuscular mycorrhiza support plant phosphate uptake. Here Das et al. show that PHR transcription factors permit arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis by promoting gene expression related to symbiosis development and maintenance.
- Debatosh Das
- , Michael Paries
- & Caroline Gutjahr
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Article
| Open AccessDistinct mechanisms orchestrate the contra-polarity of IRK and KOIN, two LRR-receptor-kinases controlling root cell division
Protein polarization coordinates many plant developmental processes. Here the authors show that IRK and KOIN, two LRR-receptor-kinases polarized to opposite sides of cells in the root meristem, rely on distinct mechanisms to achieve polarity.
- Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlan
- , Roya Campos
- & Jaimie M. Van Norman
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Article
| Open AccessSYP72 interacts with the mechanosensitive channel MSL8 to protect pollen from hypoosmotic shock during hydration
Pollen grains undergo desiccation and rehydration prior to germination and must survive osmotic shock. Here the authors show that the Qc-SNARE protein SYP72 is required for the localization of the mechanosensitive channel MSL8 at the plasma membrane and to maintain viability during rehydration.
- Xuemei Zhou
- , Yifan Zheng
- & Peng Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessConnected function of PRAF/RLD and GNOM in membrane trafficking controls intrinsic cell polarity in plants
The polarly localized BASL protein controls asymmetric cell division during stomatal lineage development in Arabidopsis. Here, the authors show that BASL polarization depends on PRAF/RLD proteins that interact with GNOM and suggest a role for endosomal trafficking in establishing polarity.
- Lu Wang
- , Dongmeng Li
- & Juan Dong
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Article
| Open AccessVviPLATZ1 is a major factor that controls female flower morphology determination in grapevine
Unlike wild Vitis species, which produce either female or male flowers, modern grapevine cultivars form hermaphrodite flowers for self-pollination. Here, the authors report that the VviPLATZ1 (plant AT-rich sequence-and zinc-binding protein1) transcription factor functions in controlling female flower morphology determination.
- Pat Iocco-Corena
- , Jamila Chaïb
- & Harley M. Smith
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Article
| Open AccessInitiation of cytosolic plant purine nucleotide catabolism involves a monospecific xanthosine monophosphate phosphatase
Dephosphorylation of xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) initiates purine nucleotide catabolism in plant cells. Here the authors identify an XMP phosphatase from Arabidopsis that channels XMP towards catabolism in vivo and demonstrate the structural basis for its XMP specificity.
- Katharina J. Heinemann
- , Sun-Young Yang
- & Claus-Peter Witte
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Article
| Open AccessInteraction of two MADS-box genes leads to growth phenotype divergence of all-flesh type of tomatoes
The all-flesh type of tomato fruits is caused by mutation of the MBP3 gene, however, knocking down MBP3 in certain genotypes also affect plant and fruit development. Here, the authors show that a natural mutation of AGL11, a close homolog of MBP3, is responsible for the phenotypic divergence.
- Baowen Huang
- , Guojian Hu
- & Mondher Bouzayen
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Article
| Open AccessThe main oxidative inactivation pathway of the plant hormone auxin
Auxin inactivation plays important roles in plant development. Here the authors show that the main route of IAA inactivation in Arabidopsis is via conjugation by GH3 IAA-amidosynthetases followed by DAO1 dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of the conjugated forms and hydrolysis by ILR1 to release inactive oxIAA.
- Ken-ichiro Hayashi
- , Kazushi Arai
- & Kosuke Fukui
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Article
| Open AccessNitrate restricts nodule organogenesis through inhibition of cytokinin biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus
Nodule development in legumes is a cytokinin dependent process. Here the authors show that high nitrate supply, which limits nodulation, suppresses cytokinin biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus which contrasts with the positive effect of nitrate on cytokinin biosynthesis in non-legumes
- Jieshun Lin
- , Yuda Purwana Roswanjaya
- & Dugald Reid
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Article
| Open AccessThe parent-of-origin lncRNA MISSEN regulates rice endosperm development
The cereal endosperm is a major determinant of seed size and shape. Here the authors show that a lncRNA, MISSEN, is expressed from the maternally derived allele in rice seeds and regulates a helicase family protein to support efficient nuclear division, distribution and cellularization in the endosperm.
- Yan-Fei Zhou
- , Yu-Chan Zhang
- & Yue-Qin Chen
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Article
| Open AccessCLAVATA3 mediated simultaneous control of transcriptional and post-translational processes provides robustness to the WUSCHEL gradient
WUSCHEL is a critical regulator of stem cell homeostasis at shoot apical meristems. Here the authors show that CLV3 regulates WUSCHEL by not only repressing WUSCHEL transcription but also by controlling nuclear export of WUSCHEL and therefore its diffusion between adjacent cells.
- Alexander Plong
- , Kevin Rodriguez
- & G. Venugopala Reddy
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Article
| Open AccessCytokinin regulates vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana through the miR172/TOE1-TOE2 module
The antagonistic activities of miR156 and miR172 regulate juvenile-to-adult phase transition during plant shoot growth. Here the authors show that cytokinin promotes this transition by increasing miR172 abundance which in turn represses the activity of the transcriptional regulators TOE1 and TOE2.
- Sören Werner
- , Isabel Bartrina
- & Thomas Schmülling
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Article
| Open AccessSterols are required for the coordinated assembly of lipid droplets in developing seeds
Lipid droplet biogenesis originates at the endoplasmic reticulum and is defined by a specific set of lipids and proteins. Here, the authors show that sterols play an important role in coordinating oil and oleosin biosynthesis for the formation of lipid droplets in plant leaves and seeds.
- Linhui Yu
- , Jilian Fan
- & Changcheng Xu
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Article
| Open AccessLocal auxin biosynthesis acts downstream of brassinosteroids to trigger root foraging for nitrogen
Flowering plants elongate their lateral roots under mild nitrogen deficiency to enhance nutrient acquisition. Here the authors show that natural variation of this response depends on local auxin biosynthesis that acts downstream of brassinosteroids to determine lateral root extension.
- Zhongtao Jia
- , Ricardo F. H. Giehl
- & Nicolaus von Wirén
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Article
| Open AccessExcessive ammonium assimilation by plastidic glutamine synthetase causes ammonium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana
Ammonium is an important nitrogen source for plants but excess ammonium impairs growth. Here the authors show that ammonium toxicity results from assimilation by GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 2 in the plastids which results in excess proton accumulation and acidity stress.
- Takushi Hachiya
- , Jun Inaba
- & Hitoshi Sakakibara
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Article
| Open AccessWarm temperature triggers JOX and ST2A-mediated jasmonate catabolism to promote plant growth
Plants undergo morphological changes to enhance cooling at warm temperatures. Here Zhu et al. show that JOXs and ST2A enzymes, which mediate jasmonate catabolism, contribute to this process by reducing the level of bioactive jasmonate facilitating growth responses.
- Tingting Zhu
- , Cornelia Herrfurth
- & Ive De Smet
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Article
| Open AccessThe intervening domain is required for DNA-binding and functional identity of plant MADS transcription factors
MADS transcription factors regulate multiple aspects of plant development. Here the authors show that the intervening I domain is conserved in both type I and type II plant MADS lineages and contributes to the functional identity of the protein by influencing both DNA binding activity and dimerisation specificity.
- Xuelei Lai
- , Rosario Vega-Léon
- & Chloe Zubieta
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Article
| Open AccessCoordination of biradial-to-radial symmetry and tissue polarity by HD-ZIP II proteins
The apical style in Arabidopsis is formed following a bilateral-to-radial symmetry transition in the gynoecium. Here the authors show that the final step in style radialization is coordinated by the adaxial regulators HAT3 and ATHB4, which are induced by the SPT and HEC transcription factors.
- Monica Carabelli
- , Luana Turchi
- & Laila Moubayidin
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Article
| Open AccessChaperone-like protein DAY plays critical roles in photomorphogenesis
Chloroplast development and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling both regulate plant photomorphogenesis. Here the authors show that DAY, a DnaJ-like domain-containing membrane protein, regulates both processes by binding and stabilizing both BRI1, the BR receptor, and POR, a key enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis.
- Ho-Seok Lee
- , Ilyeong Choi
- & Hyun-Sook Pai