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| Open AccessGlobal spatiotemporal synchronizing structures of spontaneous neural activities in different cell types
Neural mechanisms underlying brain-wide synchronization are not fully understood. Here authors show that traveling waves are prevalent in both excitatory and inhibitory neural populations, more pronounced in glutamatergic neurons, vary across developmental stages, and are associated with functional connections and gene expression.
- Liang Shi
- , Xiaoxi Fu
- & Pengcheng Li
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| Open AccessSea lamprey enlightens the origin of the coupling of retinoic acid signaling to vertebrate hindbrain segmentation
Retinoic acid signaling is involved in patterning the embryonic antero-posterior axis, and also regulates hindbrain segmentation in jawed vertebrates. Here they show that retinoic acid signaling plays important roles in hindbrain segmentation in a jawless vertebrate, the lamprey, thus indicating this feature of hindbrain development is conserved in all vertebrates.
- Alice M. H. Bedois
- , Hugo J. Parker
- & Robb Krumlauf
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| Open AccessCXCL12 targets the primary cilium cAMP/cGMP ratio to regulate cell polarity during migration
Regulation of cell polarity is key to ensure directed cell migration. Here, Atkins et al. identify the primary cilium cAMP/cGMP ratio as a master regulator of the cell polarity of migrating cortical interneurons downstream of the CXCL12 chemokine.
- Melody Atkins
- , Maud Wurmser
- & Christine Métin
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| Open AccessSpatiotemporal proteomic atlas of multiple brain regions across early fetal to neonatal stages in cynomolgus monkey
Proteomic data covering fetal and neonatal primate brain development in the primate brain is needed to understand development and changes in functional gene products. Here, the authors show the dynamic proteomic changes of the cynomolgus macaque brain during the development from early fetal to neonatal stages by constructing a spatiotemporal proteomic atlas.
- Jingkuan Wei
- , Shaoxing Dai
- & Wei Si
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| Open AccessFour-dimensional mapping of dynamic longitudinal brain subcortical development and early learning functions in infants
Studies of early brain development often rely on cross sectional data. Here the authors investigate volumetric development and surface area expansion of six subcortical structures using longitudinal MRI scans within the first two postnatal years.
- Liangjun Chen
- , Ya Wang
- & Gang Li
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| Open AccessAsymmetric activity of NetrinB controls laterality of the Drosophila brain
Brain asymmetry is widespread across species, but its function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show that the Netrin axon guidance pathway is involved in building an asymmetric neural circuit important for long-term memory in Drosophila.
- F. Lapraz
- , C. Boutres
- & S. Noselli
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| Open AccessCo-development of central and peripheral neurons with trunk mesendoderm in human elongating multi-lineage organized gastruloids
The authors generate EMLOs (elongating multi-lineage organized gastruloids): organoids that self-organize to form compartments with characteristics of the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, mesenchyme, and gut tube.
- Zachary T. Olmsted
- & Janet L. Paluh
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| Open AccessIntracellular trafficking of Notch orchestrates temporal dynamics of Notch activity in the fly brain
During Drosophila development, two peaks of Notch activity propagate across the neuroepithelium to generate neuroblasts. Here, the authors show Notch cis-inhibition under the control of intracellular Notch trafficking establishes these two peaks, which temporally control neurogenesis in the brain.
- Miaoxing Wang
- , Xujun Han
- & Makoto Sato
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| Open AccessThe cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic patterning and differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal development
The cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating hypothalamic patterning and differentiation are unclear. Here, the authors profiled the transcriptome of the developing hypothalamus at single cell level, providing a resource to hypothalamic development in health and disease.
- Dong Won Kim
- , Parris Whitney Washington
- & Seth Blackshaw
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| Open AccessPlacental H3K27me3 establishes female resilience to prenatal insults
Sex differences in placental O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) activity mediate the effects of prenatal stress on neurodevelopmental programming. Here authors provide evidence that OGT confers variation in vulnerability to prenatal insults by establishing sex-specific trophoblast gene expression via regulation of H3K27me3.
- Bridget M. Nugent
- , Carly M. O’Donnell
- & Tracy L. Bale
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Article
| Open AccessDevelopment of the macaque face-patch system
Development of neural circuits for face recognition is not well studied in primates. Here the authors longitudinally track responses to faces in monkeys from about a month of age to two years and demonstrate that face-selective responses emerge in inferotemporal cortex early and gradually stabilize over time.
- Margaret S. Livingstone
- , Justin L. Vincent
- & Tristram Savage
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Article
| Open AccessMotor neurons control blood vessel patterning in the developing spinal cord
The guidance cues regulating blood vessel patterning in the central nervous system remain unclear. Here, the authors show in mice and chicken developing spinal cord that motor neurons control blood vessel patterning by an autocrine mechanism titrating VEGF via the expression of its trapping receptor sFlt1.
- Patricia Himmels
- , Isidora Paredes
- & Carmen Ruiz de Almodóvar
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| Open AccessEvidence for holistic episodic recollection via hippocampal pattern completion
The holistic retrieval of complex event memories is thought to be the hallmark of episodic memory. Here, the authors provide behavioural and neuroimaging evidence that the hippocampus binds together the elements forming an event to allow holistic episodic recollection via pattern completion of all elements.
- Aidan J. Horner
- , James A. Bisby
- & Neil Burgess
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| Open AccessLarge-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with wave propagation in motor cortex
Aggregate signals in cortex are spatiotemporally organized as propagating waves across the cortical surface. Here the authors demonstrate that neurons in primary motor cortex of monkeys spatially coordinate their spiking activity in a manner that closely matches wave propagation.
- Kazutaka Takahashi
- , Sanggyun Kim
- & Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos
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| Open AccessPtch1 and Gli regulate Shh signalling dynamics via multiple mechanisms
Gradients of the secreted morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pattern the neural tube in vertebrates. Cohen et al.quantify Shh signalling in developing mice, and by constructing a computational model of the process, identify mechanisms by which the dynamics of Shh signalling are regulated.
- Michael Cohen
- , Anna Kicheva
- & James Briscoe
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| Open AccessReading out a spatiotemporal population code by imaging neighbouring parallel fibre axons in vivo
The spatiotemporal pattern of synaptic inputs is critical for synaptic integration and plasticity in neurons but whether these inputs are structured or random is not clear. Here the authors use in vivocalcium imaging to monitor the presynaptic activity of cerebellar parallel fibre axons and find clustered patterns of axonal activity during sensory processing.
- Christian D. Wilms
- & Michael Häusser
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High-efficiency motor neuron differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells and the function of Islet-1
Motor neurons generated from human pluripotent stem cells are used for disease modelling and drug screening. Here the authors present a protocol for efficient generation of mature spinal motor neurons from human pluripotent stem cells by precisely timing the application of the neural patterning molecule retinoic acid.
- Qiuhao Qu
- , Dong Li
- & Fei Wang