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| Open AccessFunctional nanoporous graphene superlattice
Here, the authors report the synthesis and characterization of doped nanoporous graphene superlattices, showing their improved properties for electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting, optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.
- Hualiang Lv
- , Yuxing Yao
- & Xiaoguang Wang
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Article
| Open AccessHigh intrinsic phase stability of ultrathin 2M WS2
Metallic 2M or 1T′-phase transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are characterized by interesting properties, but they are metastable. Here, the authors demonstrate that the thermal and oxidation stability of 2M WS2 significantly increases as the thickness is reduced down to monolayer, expanding the potential applications of 2M TMDs.
- Xiangye Liu
- , Pingting Zhang
- & Cao Guan
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| Open AccessSynergistic-potential engineering enables high-efficiency graphene photodetectors for near- to mid-infrared light
The integration of 2D materials with metasurfaces can enhance their quantum efficiency, but the approach is usually limited to a narrow spectral band. Here, the authors report the realization of gate-tunable graphene photodetectors combined with all-dielectric periodic slits, leading to enhanced photoresponse in the short-to-long-wave infrared.
- Hao Jiang
- , Jintao Fu
- & Cheng-Wei Qiu
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Article
| Open AccessMicrometer-thick and porous nanocomposite coating for electrochemical sensors with exceptional antifouling and electroconducting properties
It is vital but challenging to develop coating technologies for addressing reliability and durability issues of electrochemical sensors when exposed to diverse and complex biological environments. Here, the authors report a micrometer-thick, porous and robust nanocomposite coating that enables highly sensitive and stable electrochemical sensors.
- Jeong-Chan Lee
- , Su Yeong Kim
- & Donald E. Ingber
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Article
| Open AccessData-centric artificial olfactory system based on the eigengraph
Sensitivity-dependent data analysis methods disrupted the development of artificial olfactory technologies. Here, authors present a data-centric artificial olfactory system based on eigengraph that reflects the intrinsic electrochemical interaction.
- Seung-Hyun Sung
- , Jun Min Suh
- & Seong Chan Jun
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Article
| Open AccessThe role of interfacial donor–acceptor percolation in efficient and stable all-polymer solar cells
The underlying charge generation dynamics and structure-property relationships in organic solar cells are not fully understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that interfacial donor-acceptor percolation plays a key role in enabling both high charge generation efficiency and device stability.
- Zhen Wang
- , Yu Guo
- & Philip C. Y. Chow
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Article
| Open AccessMemristor-based storage system with convolutional autoencoder-based image compression network
Dealing with the explosive growth of diverse image data in the era of big data poses challenges for storage. Feng et al. propose a memristor-based near-storage in-memory processing system to boost the energy and storage efficiency.
- Yulin Feng
- , Yizhou Zhang
- & Jinfeng Kang
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Article
| Open AccessInterfacial magnetic spin Hall effect in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2/MoTe2 heterostructure
Charge-to-spin conversion allows for the generation and control of spin polarization via a charge current. Typically, this is done with non-magnetic materials with large spin-orbit interactions such as Platinum. Herein, Dai et al demonstrate an intriguing charge-to-spin mechanism, a magnetic spin Hall effect, in a van der Waals heterostructure.
- Yudi Dai
- , Junlin Xiong
- & Feng Miao
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Article
| Open AccessUltracompact mirror device for forming 20-nm achromatic soft-X-ray focus toward multimodal and multicolor nanoanalyses
Optics used for X-ray focusing suffer from wavelength dependent effects like chromatic aberration. Here the authors demonstrate fabrication of a ultracompact Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror and use it for achromatic focusing to 20 nm spot for the soft X-ray at 2-keV photon energy.
- Takenori Shimamura
- , Yoko Takeo
- & Hidekazu Mimura
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Article
| Open AccessDual heterogeneous interfaces enhance X-ray excited persistent luminescence for low-dose 3D imaging
High-resolution X-ray imaging requires a high radiation dose. Here, the authors achieve low-dose 3D imaging by increasing the XEPL intensity using a double-shell nanostructure with two heterogeneous interfaces.
- Lei Lei
- , Minghao Yi
- & Shiqing Xu
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Article
| Open AccessSteep-slope vertical-transport transistors built from sub-5 nm Thin van der Waals heterostructures
2D vertical transport transistors (VTFETs) may promote the downscaling of electronic devices, but their performance is usually restricted by the thermionic limit. Here, the authors report the realization of short-channel steep-slope VTFETs based on MoS2/MoTe2 heterojunctions integrated with resistance threshold switching cells.
- Qiyu Yang
- , Zheng-Dong Luo
- & Genquan Han
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Article
| Open AccessProgramming crack patterns with light in colloidal plasmonic films
Crack formation typically results in random patterns and material failure. Inspired by plant phototropism, the authors use plasmonic absorbers to control crack propagation in colloidal films with light, showcasing a robust, programmable self-assembly process.
- Fanny Thorimbert
- , Mateusz Odziomek
- & Marco Faustini
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| Open AccessChallenging thermodynamics: combining immiscible elements in a single-phase nano-ceramic
Elemental immiscibility limits the development of solid solution materials. Here, authors create a nonequilibrium flame aerosol method to mix nearly any pair of metal elements in a single-phase nano-ceramic. Also, an exsolution behavior is presented to produce active and stable nanoparticles.
- Shuo Liu
- , Chaochao Dun
- & Mark T. Swihart
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Article
| Open AccessDeceptive orbital confinement at edges and pores of carbon-based 1D and 2D nanoarchitectures
The apparent electronic confinement at nanographene boundaries in scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy is often misinterpreted. Here, the authors explain this phenomenon in terms of the decay of frontier orbitals and confinement at the edges of graphene nanoribbons and pores in nanoporous graphene.
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- , Eduardo Corral-Rascón
- & Johannes V. Barth
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Article
| Open AccessLocalisation-to-delocalisation transition of moiré excitons in WSe2/MoSe2 heterostructures
Stacking two-dimensional crystals creates a moiré superpotential that confines excitons. Here, temperature-/time- and magnetic field-dependent optical spectroscopy allows identifying the conditions under which excitons escape from the moiré potential
- Elena Blundo
- , Federico Tuzi
- & Antonio Polimeni
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Article
| Open AccessStrong coupling between a microwave photon and a singlet-triplet qubit
By coupling a spin-qubit to a superconducting resonator, remote spin-entanglement becomes feasible. Here, Ungerer et al achieve strong coupling between a superconducting resonator and a singlet-triplet spin qubit, in an InAs nanowire.
- J. H. Ungerer
- , A. Pally
- & C. Schönenberger
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Article
| Open AccessRoom-temperature sub-100 nm Néel-type skyrmions in non-stoichiometric van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3-xGaTe2 with ultrafast laser writability
Authors uncover room-temperature skyrmions in 2D van der Waals material, attributing their presence to Fe-deficiency-induced symmetry breaking, enabling topological Hall effect and small Néel-type skyrmions with femtosecond laser writability.
- Zefang Li
- , Huai Zhang
- & Xuewen Fu
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Article
| Open AccessUnravelling the amorphous structure and crystallization mechanism of GeTe phase change memory materials
The structure of an ideal glass, crystallisation mechanism, nanoscale effects, and even parallels to organic chemistry can be drawn by conceptualizing the amorphous GeTe structure as a superposition of Te and Ge lattices with atom-specific dynamics.
- Simon Wintersteller
- , Olesya Yarema
- & Maksym Yarema
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| Open AccessCharge-density wave mediated quasi-one-dimensional Kondo lattice in stripe-phase monolayer 1T-NbSe2
The realization of heavy-fermion physics in van der Waals materials with d-electrons has attracted attention recently. Here the authors present evidence for a quasi-1D Kondo lattice in monolayer NbSe2, driven into a stripe phase by Se-deficient line defects created during growth.
- Zhen-Yu Liu
- , Heng Jin
- & Ying-Shuang Fu
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| Open AccessApproaching a fully-polarized state of nuclear spins in a solid
Highly polarized nuclear spins can supress decoherence of electron spin qubits, but this requires near-unity polarization. Here the authors implement a protocol combining optical excitation and fast carrier tunnelling to achieve nuclear spin polarizations above 95% in GaAs quantum dots on a timescale of 1 minute.
- Peter Millington-Hotze
- , Harry E. Dyte
- & Evgeny A. Chekhovich
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Article
| Open AccessClocked dynamics in artificial spin ice
Artificial spin ices are nanomagnetic metamaterials, whose collective magnetization self-organizes into extended domains. However, controlling when, where and how domains change has proven difficult, yet is crucial for technological applications. Here, Jensen and Strømberg et al. introduce astroid clocking, which enables controlled, stepwise growth and reversal of magnetic domains, using only global fields.
- Johannes H. Jensen
- , Anders Strømberg
- & Erik Folven
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| Open AccessNon-hermiticity in spintronics: oscillation death in coupled spintronic nano-oscillators through emerging exceptional points
Exceptional points emerge in systems with loss and gain when loss and gain in the system are balanced. Due to the careful balancing involved, they are highly sensitive to perturbations, making them exceptionally useful for sensors and other devices. Here, Wittrock et al observe a variety of complex dynamics associated with exceptional points in coupled spintronic nano-oscillators.
- Steffen Wittrock
- , Salvatore Perna
- & Vincent Cros
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Article
| Open AccessMesoporous carbon spheres with programmable interiors as efficient nanoreactors for H2O2 electrosynthesis
Nanoreactors, with biomimetic features and distinct catalytic functions, show promise in catalytic energy conversion. Here the authors propose the utilization of precisely engineered mesoporous carbon spheres with tunable hollow sizes as nanoreactors, leveraging their catalytic functionalities for enhanced diffusion and microenvironment modulation effects to achieve efficient hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis.
- Qiang Tian
- , Lingyan Jing
- & Jinlong Yang
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| Open AccessImpact of palladium/palladium hydride conversion on electrochemical CO2 reduction via in-situ transmission electron microscopy and diffraction
The evolution of Pd-based material during CO2 electroreduction requires further investigation. Here the authors use in-situ liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy and select area diffraction characterization techniques to visualize the morphological and phase structure evolution of the Pd/PdHx catalysts under CO2 electroreduction conditions.
- Ahmed M. Abdellah
- , Fatma Ismail
- & Drew Higgins
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Article
| Open AccessObserving growth and interfacial dynamics of nanocrystalline ice in thin amorphous ice films
In-situ cryo-electron microscopy in thin amorphous ice films and ice-dynamics simulations reveal polymorph-dependent growth kinetics of nanoscale ice crystals. Hetero-crystalline ice exhibits anisotropic growth: fast-growing facets are associated with low-density interfaces, driving tetrahedral ordering of interfacial H2O molecules and accelerating ice growth.
- Minyoung Lee
- , Sang Yup Lee
- & Dong June Ahn
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Article
| Open AccessEnhancing antibody responses by multivalent antigen display on thymus-independent DNA origami scaffolds
Three-dimensional DNA origami constructs can be used to deliver vaccine antigens in a multi-valent form. Here the authors design a DNA origami system for SARS-CoV-2 proteins and characterize in mice the immune response and protective capacity of generated antibodies, finding that the construct itself is not immunogenic.
- Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- , Larance Ronsard
- & Mark Bathe
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Article
| Open AccessSwitchable unidirectional emissions from hydrogel gratings with integrated carbon quantum dots
Directional emission of photoluminescence is an emerging technique for light-emitting fields and nanophotonics. Here, the authors demonstrate a hydrogel grating with integrated quantum dots for switchable unidirectional emission tuning.
- Chenjie Dai
- , Shuai Wan
- & Zhongyang Li
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Article
| Open AccessA genetic circuit on a single DNA molecule as an autonomous dissipative nanodevice
Achieving genetic circuits on single DNA molecules could have varied applications. Here, authors observed proteins emerging from single DNA molecules through coupled transcription-translation complexes, and show that nascent proteins lingered on DNA, regulating cascaded reactions on the same DNA and allowing the design of a pulsatile genetic circuit.
- Ferdinand Greiss
- , Nicolas Lardon
- & Roy Bar-Ziv
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| Open AccessHighly loaded bimetallic iron-cobalt catalysts for hydrogen release from ammonia
Inexpensive iron catalysts often exhibit low activity in ammonia decomposition due to a strong iron-nitrogen binding energy. Here the authors demonstrate that combining iron with cobalt to form a Fe-Co bimetallic catalyst overcomes this limitation, presenting a promising solution for enhancing ammonia decomposition efficiency.
- Shilong Chen
- , Jelena Jelic
- & Malte Behrens
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Article
| Open AccessA nanoparticle-based sonodynamic therapy reduces Helicobacter pylori infection in mouse without disrupting gut microbiota
Here, the authors develop a non-antibiotic approach using sonodynamic therapy mediated by a lecithin bilayer-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) nanoparticle preloaded with verteporfin, Ver-PLGA@Lecithin, to treat Helicobacter pylori.
- Tao Liu
- , Shuang Chai
- & Lihua Yang
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Article
| Open AccessNon-invasive transdermal delivery of biomacromolecules with fluorocarbon-modified chitosan for melanoma immunotherapy and viral vaccines
Different approaches have been described for the transdermal delivery of drugs. Here the authors report the design of a fluorocarbon modified chitosan-based non-invasive transdermal platform for the delivery of biomacromolecules, such as viral antigens for vaccines or immune checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma immunotherapy.
- Wenjun Zhu
- , Ting Wei
- & Zhuang Liu
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Article
| Open AccessAccurate prediction of the optical properties of nanoalloys with both plasmonic and magnetic elements
The optical properties of nanoalloys are complex and difficult to describe. Here, the authors use density functional and Mie theory to calculate the extinction of Au-Co and other nanoalloys of interest for quantum optics, magnetooptics, catalysis, and metamaterials.
- Vito Coviello
- , Denis Badocco
- & Vincenzo Amendola
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| Open AccessBoosting the electron beam transmittance of field emission cathode using a self-charging gate
Gate-type field emission cathodes based on carbon nanotubes face challenges of achieving high E-beam transmittance to avoid the collision with the gate to form irreversible damages. Here, the authors present a self-charging gate to control the E-beam trajectory by inducing a local electric field.
- Dongyang Xiao
- , Huanhuan Du
- & Peiyi Song
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Article
| Open AccessPhotocatalytic ethylene production by oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane with dioxygen on ZnO-supported PdZn intermetallic nanoparticles
The selective oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane is attracting increasing attention as a method for ethylene production. Here, PdZn supported on ZnO affords record-breaking photocatalytic ethane-to-ethylene conversion rate, emphasizing the pivotal role of the interface between PdZn and ZnO in the process.
- Pu Wang
- , Xingyu Zhang
- & Tierui Zhang
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| Open AccessNoise learning of instruments for high-contrast, high-resolution and fast hyperspectral microscopy and nanoscopy
Improving signal to noise ratio of Raman spectra is vital for the application. Here, authors show a noise learning method that learns the noise feature of a spectrometer. This improves the signal to noise ratio and makes deep learning to be instrument dependent instead of sample dependent.
- Hao He
- , Maofeng Cao
- & Bin Ren
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| Open AccessPulse irradiation synthesis of metal chalcogenides on flexible substrates for enhanced photothermoelectric performance
Here, the authors report a low-temperature pulse irradiation synthesis method to prepare thermoelectric metal chalcogenide (Bi2Se3, SnSe2 and Bi2Te3) thin films on various flexible substrates, showing their application for the realization of broadband photothermoelectric detectors.
- Yuxuan Zhang
- , You Meng
- & Johnny C. Ho
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Article
| Open AccessToward grouped-reservoir computing: organic neuromorphic vertical transistor with distributed reservoir states for efficient recognition and prediction
Existing neuromorphic hardware, focusing mainly on shallow-reservoir computing, is challenged in providing adequate spatial and temporal scales characteristic for effective computing. Here, Gao et al. report an ultra-short channel organic neuromorphic vertical transistor with distributed reservoir states.
- Changsong Gao
- , Di Liu
- & Huipeng Chen
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Article
| Open AccessPowering AI at the edge: A robust, memristor-based binarized neural network with near-memory computing and miniaturized solar cell
The authors present an AI engine with 32,768 memristors powered by a miniature solar cell. This circuit exploits near-memory computing, naturally adjusting its accuracy depending on the illumination level, and paves the way for self-powered AI.
- Fadi Jebali
- , Atreya Majumdar
- & Jean-Michel Portal
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Article
| Open AccessGiant tunnelling electroresistance in atomic-scale ferroelectric tunnel junctions
The authors report ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on samarium-substituted layered bismuth oxide, which show tunnelling electroresistance of 7 × 105 and high endurance over 5 billion cycles, even when the film is down to one nanometer.
- Yueyang Jia
- , Qianqian Yang
- & Rui Yang
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Article
| Open AccessAlkali metal bilayer intercalation in graphene
Here, the authors report a study of the structural properties of intercalated alkali metals in bilayer graphene and graphite via low-voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy, providing mechanistic insights for the development of energy storage applications.
- Yung-Chang Lin
- , Rika Matsumoto
- & Kazu Suenaga
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Article
| Open AccessAtomic-scale manipulation of polar domain boundaries in monolayer ferroelectric In2Se3
Here, the authors realize controllable manipulation of polar domain boundaries in a two-dimensional ferroelectric material In2Se3. It reveals the origin of distinct behaviors for different domain boundaries in combination with density functional theory calculations.
- Fan Zhang
- , Zhe Wang
- & Chenggang Tao
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Article
| Open AccessMagnetoresistive-coupled transistor using the Weyl semimetal NbP
L. Rocchino et al. experimentally demonstrate a magnetic field effect transistor based on the Weyl semimetal NbP as the active channel material. A gate magnetic field is generated by current flowing in an integrated superconductor NbN. The device operation relies on the extreme magnetoresistance of the NbP.
- Lorenzo Rocchino
- , Federico Balduini
- & Cezar B. Zota
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Article
| Open AccessRobust multiferroic in interfacial modulation synthesized wafer-scale one-unit-cell of chromium sulfide
2D multiferroic materials have garnered broad interests due to their magnetoelectric properties and multifunctional applications. Here, the authors discover a multiferroic feature in interfacial modulation synthesized wafer-scale one-unit-cell Cr2S3.
- Luying Song
- , Ying Zhao
- & Jun He
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Article
| Open AccessRatiometric fluorescent sensing of pyrophosphate with sp³-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes
Inorganic pyrophosphate is a key molecule in many biological processes. Here, the authors develop an optical sensor that enables its ratiometric detection in the near infrared with functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes.
- Simon Settele
- , C. Alexander Schrage
- & Jana Zaumseil
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Article
| Open AccessUltrafast hot-carrier dynamics in ultrathin monocrystalline gold
Progress has been made in the development of low-loss monocrystalline plasmonic metals, opening up opportunities for ultrathin nanophotonic architectures. Here, the authors reveal differences in hot-electron thermalisation dynamics between ultrathin monocrystalline and polycrystalline gold films.
- Can O. Karaman
- , Anton Yu. Bykov
- & Anatoly V. Zayats
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Article
| Open AccessDNA mechanocapsules for programmable piconewton responsive drug delivery
The mechanical dysregulation of cells is associated with several diseases and strategies to deliver drugs based on the “mechanical phenotype” of a cell are desirable. Here, the authors design and characterize DNA mechanocapsules comprised of DNA tetrahedrons that are force responsive, and showed they can encapsulate macromolecular cargo and release it upon application of force.
- Arventh Velusamy
- , Radhika Sharma
- & Khalid Salaita
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Article
| Open AccessMiniaturized spectrometer with intrinsic long-term image memory
Recent studies have reported miniaturized spectrometers based on van der Waals heterostructures. Here, the authors demonstrate multifunctional SnS2/ReSe2 heterojunction spectrometers providing photodetection, spectrum reconstruction, spectral imaging, long-term image memory, and signal processing capabilities.
- Gang Wu
- , Mohamed Abid
- & Han-Chun Wu
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Article
| Open AccessSurface-confined alternating copolymerization with molecular precision by stoichiometric control
Conventional sequence-controlled copolymerization often suffers from strict requirements on reaction kinetics of comonomer pairs and tedious synthetic processes. Here, the authors demonstrate a sequence-controlled alternating copolymerization with molecular precision on a Ag(111) surface under thermodynamic control of the polymerization selectivity.
- Lingbo Xing
- , Jie Li
- & Kai Wu
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Article
| Open AccessMicrowave quantum diode
Quantum devices exhibiting non-reciprocal behaviour have been attracting attention for fundamental studies and applications. Here the authors report a microwave quantum diode based on a superconducting flux qubit coupled to two resonators, which has the advantage of compactness and scalability.
- Rishabh Upadhyay
- , Dmitry S. Golubev
- & Jukka P. Pekola