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Hepatitis C virus RNA is 5′-capped with flavin adenine dinucleotide
Hepatitis C virus utilizes flavin adenine dinucleotide as a non-canonical initiating nucleotide for the viral RNA polymerase, resulting in 5′ capping of viral RNA, which provides protection against the host innate immune response.
- Anna V. Sherwood
- , Lizandro R. Rivera-Rangel
- & Jeppe Vinther
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Article |
Structure and function of the RAD51B–RAD51C–RAD51D–XRCC2 tumour suppressor
Structural and biochemical studies of the RAD51B–RAD51C–RAD51D–XRCC2 complex reveal that it uses coupled RAD51B and RAD51C ATPase activities to promote the nucleation and extension of RAD51 nucleoprotein filaments.
- Luke A. Greenhough
- , Chih-Chao Liang
- & Stephen C. West
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Article
| Open AccessSingle-cell quantification of ribosome occupancy in early mouse development
A single-cell ribosome profiling method can provide data at the level of allele-specific ribosome engagement in early development.
- Hakan Ozadam
- , Tori Tonn
- & Can Cenik
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Article |
Structural insights into BCDX2 complex function in homologous recombination
Analyses of the structure and biochemical properties of the tetrameric complex of RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D and XRCC2 reveal details of its role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks.
- Yashpal Rawal
- , Lijia Jia
- & Shaun K. Olsen
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Technology Feature |
How scientists are hacking the genetic code to give proteins new powers
By modifying the blueprint of life, researchers are endowing proteins with chemistries they’ve never had before.
- Diana Kwon
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Article |
Break-induced replication orchestrates resection-dependent template switching
Break-induced telomere synthesis initiates recruitment of the SNM1A nuclease, which promotes DNA end resection that in turn allows template switching to enable bypass of lesions.
- Tianpeng Zhang
- , Yashpal Rawal
- & Roger A. Greenberg
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News |
Taurine supplement makes animals live longer — what it means for people is unclear
The energy-drink ingredient offers striking health benefits in mice, monkeys and worms. But more work is needed to investigate its link with ageing.
- Myriam Vidal Valero
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Matters Arising |
Reply to: Ptbp1 deletion does not induce astrocyte-to-neuron conversion
- Yajing Hao
- , Jing Hu
- & Xiang-Dong Fu
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Article
| Open AccessEpigenetic dysregulation from chromosomal transit in micronuclei
Missegregated chromosomes that are sequestrated in micronuclei are subject to changes in histone modifications leading to abnormalities in chromatin accessibility that remain long after the chromosomes have been reincorporated into the primary nucleus.
- Albert S. Agustinus
- , Duaa Al-Rawi
- & Samuel F. Bakhoum
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News |
Sleep loss impairs memory of smells, worm research shows
Sleeping C. elegans offers clues to the molecular changes underpinning the link between sleep and memory.
- Miryam Naddaf
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Article |
Nuclear export of pre-60S particles through the nuclear pore complex
We report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of native pre-60S particles trapped in the channel of the yeast nuclear pore complex, suggesting a translocation model for the export of pre-60S particles through the complex.
- Zongqiang Li
- , Shuaijiabin Chen
- & Sen-Fang Sui
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Article
| Open AccessEngineered tRNAs suppress nonsense mutations in cells and in vivo
Suppressor tRNAs adapted to the amino acid that they carry enable readthrough of premature termination codons introduced by nonsense mutations and show potential for the treatment of genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
- Suki Albers
- , Elizabeth C. Allen
- & Zoya Ignatova
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Outlook |
A fat-blocking drug could help to fight metastatic cancer
The antibody drug is moving closer to being tested in people with advanced stages of cancer.
- Elie Dolgin
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Outlook |
RNA splicing targets age-related diseases
Manipulating genetic molecules could return cells to a younger state.
- Christine Evans-Pughe
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Article
| Open AccessHistone modifications regulate pioneer transcription factor cooperativity
Binding of the human pioneer transcription factor OCT4 to nucleosomes containing endogenous DNA sequences causes changes to the nucleosome structure and facilitates the cooperative assembly of multiple pioneer transcription factors, a property that can be affected by histone modifications.
- Kalyan K. Sinha
- , Silvija Bilokapic
- & Mario Halic
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Article |
Mitotic bookmarking by SWI/SNF subunits
Subunits of SWI/SNF act as mitotic bookmarks to safeguard cell identity during cell division.
- Zhexin Zhu
- , Xiaolong Chen
- & Charles W. M. Roberts
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Article |
γ-Linolenic acid in maternal milk drives cardiac metabolic maturation
The switch from glucose- to fatty acid-dependent metabolism in cardiomyocytes of newborn mice is governed by γ-linolenic acid in maternal milk, which binds to retinoid X receptors, thereby causing a transcription-dependent metabolic transition.
- Ana Paredes
- , Raquel Justo-Méndez
- & Mercedes Ricote
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Article
| Open AccessA Pseudomonas aeruginosa small RNA regulates chronic and acute infection
A study examining bacterial gene expression in human-derived samples identifies a gene encoding a small RNA and describes how it orchestrates the transition between chronic and acute infection in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Pengbo Cao
- , Derek Fleming
- & Marvin Whiteley
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Article
| Open AccessHeteromeric clusters of ubiquitinated ER-shaping proteins drive ER-phagy
The membrane-shaping protein ARL6IP1 is involved in the selective degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum, and this process depends on its ubiquitination and interaction with other membrane-shaping proteins such as FAM134B.
- Hector Foronda
- , Yangxue Fu
- & Christian A. Hübner
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Article
| Open AccessRecombination between heterologous human acrocentric chromosomes
Comparisons within the human pangenome establish that homologous regions on short arms of heterologous human acrocentric chromosomes actively recombine, leading to the high rate of Robertsonian translocation breakpoints in these regions.
- Andrea Guarracino
- , Silvia Buonaiuto
- & Erik Garrison
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Article
| Open AccessStructural basis of catalytic activation in human splicing
Cryogenic electron microscopy images of a spliceosome complex undergoing catalytic activation provide mechanistic insight into how the two ATP-dependent RNA helicases involved in this process, PRP2 and Aquarius, work together.
- Jana Schmitzová
- , Constantin Cretu
- & Vladimir Pena
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Article
| Open AccessPan-cancer whole-genome comparison of primary and metastatic solid tumours
The genomic differences between primary and metastatic tumours are assessed across 23 cancer types using pan-cancer whole-genome analysis.
- Francisco Martínez-Jiménez
- , Ali Movasati
- & Arne Van Hoeck
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Article
| Open AccessMitotic clustering of pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei
The CIP2A–TOPBP1 complex tethers fragmented chromosomes from micronuclei for asymmetric mitotic inheritance, explaining distinct patterns of chromosome rearrangements in cancers and genomic disorders.
- Yu-Fen Lin
- , Qing Hu
- & Peter Ly
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Article
| Open AccessA druggable copper-signalling pathway that drives inflammation
Cellular uptake of copper(ii) by CD44 has a key role in regulating cellular plasticity via copper(ii)-dependent downstream signalling events.
- Stéphanie Solier
- , Sebastian Müller
- & Raphaël Rodriguez
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Article |
Alternative CDC20 translational isoforms tune mitotic arrest duration
Human cells modulate the duration of their mitotic arrest through the presence of conserved alternative CDC20 translational isoforms.
- Mary-Jane Tsang
- & Iain M. Cheeseman
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Article
| Open AccessThe Smc5/6 complex is a DNA loop-extruding motor
Using single-molecule imaging, the authors show that Smc5/6 forms DNA loops by extrusion, which establishes DNA loop extrusion as a conserved mechanism among eukaryotic SMC complexes.
- Biswajit Pradhan
- , Takaharu Kanno
- & Eugene Kim
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Article |
Lesion recognition by XPC, TFIIH and XPA in DNA excision repair
Cryo-electron microscopy structures reveal how XPC recognizes DNA lesions and recruits XPA and the TFIIH core complex for lesion verification in nucleotide excision repair.
- Jinseok Kim
- , Chia-Lung Li
- & Wei Yang
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Technology Feature |
Every base everywhere all at once: pangenomics comes of age
Multi-genome assemblies called pangenomes can capture genetic diversity in a species, but researchers are still working out how best to build and explore them.
- Michael Eisenstein
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News |
Ageing studies in five animals suggest how to reverse decline
Smoothing the speed bumps in an important cellular pathway seems to be implicated in ageing.
- Gemma Conroy
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Nature Podcast |
Octopuses hunt by ‘tasting’ with their suckers
The receptors that help octopuses sense by touch, plus a round-up of stories from the Nature Briefing.
- Benjamin Thompson
- & Nick Petrić Howe
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Article |
Chromosomal fragile site breakage by EBV-encoded EBNA1 at clustered repeats
Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 is shown to induce breakage of a fragile site on chromosome 11 by binding to a cluster of EBV-like imperfect palindromic repeats.
- Julia Su Zhou Li
- , Ammal Abbasi
- & Don W. Cleveland
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Article
| Open AccessGenomic–transcriptomic evolution in lung cancer and metastasis
Computational and machine-learning approaches that integrate genomic and transcriptomic variation from paired primary and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer samples from the TRACERx cohort reveal the role of transcriptional events in tumour evolution.
- Carlos Martínez-Ruiz
- , James R. M. Black
- & Nicholas McGranahan
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Article
| Open AccessAgeing-associated changes in transcriptional elongation influence longevity
Increases in transcriptional elongation speed with age affect organismal lifespan and ageing-related changes could be reversed with lifespan-extending interventions.
- Cédric Debès
- , Antonios Papadakis
- & Andreas Beyer
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Article
| Open AccessAstrocyte–neuron subproteomes and obsessive–compulsive disorder mechanisms
Analyses of the proteomes of astrocytes and neurons in a cell-specific and subcompartment-specific manner reveal distinct roles for these cell types that are relevant to obsessive–compulsive disorder and perhaps other brain disorders.
- Joselyn S. Soto
- , Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- & Baljit S. Khakh
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Article |
Noncoding translation mitigation
Combining genome-wide CRISPR screens with massively parallel analyses of human and random DNA sequences reveal a unified mechanism for the surveillance and evolution of translation products from annotated noncoding DNA.
- Jordan S. Kesner
- , Ziheng Chen
- & Xuebing Wu
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Article |
Establishment and function of chromatin organization at replication origins
Genome-scale in vitro reconstitution of DNA replication through chromatin establishes a crucial role for the origin recognition complex in organizing nucleosome arrays that are crucial for the initiation of replication.
- Erika Chacin
- , Karl-Uwe Reusswig
- & Christoph F. Kurat
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Article
| Open AccessmRNA decoding in human is kinetically and structurally distinct from bacteria
The reaction coordinate of aminoacyl-tRNA movement is altered on the human ribosome and the process is an order of magnitude slower compared with bacteria due to eukaryote-specific structural elements in the human ribosome and in the elongation factor eEF1A.
- Mikael Holm
- , S. Kundhavai Natchiar
- & Scott C. Blanchard
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mRNA recognition and packaging by the human transcription–export complex
Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography structures of reconstituted and endogenous human mRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes bound to the transcription–export complex reveal how mRNAs are packaged and recognized for nuclear export.
- Belén Pacheco-Fiallos
- , Matthias K. Vorländer
- & Clemens Plaschka
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Article
| Open AccessCryo-EM structure of the transposon-associated TnpB enzyme
Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of the Deinococcus radiodurans ISDra2 TnpB in complex with its cognate ωRNA and target DNA provides insights into the mechanism of TnpB function and the evolution of CRISPR–Cas12 effectors.
- Ryoya Nakagawa
- , Hisato Hirano
- & Osamu Nureki
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Article |
Large-scale mapping and mutagenesis of human transcriptional effector domains
A high throughput recruitment assay testing the transcriptional activity of more than 100,000 protein fragments tiling across most human chromatin regulators and transcription factors maps the locations and strengths of activation, repression and bifunctional domains, and identifies the sequences necessary for these functions.
- Nicole DelRosso
- , Josh Tycko
- & Lacramioara Bintu
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Article |
TnpB structure reveals minimal functional core of Cas12 nuclease family
Cryo-EM structures of D. radiodurans TnpB–reRNA complex in DNA-bound and -free forms reveal the basic architecture of TnpB nuclease and the molecular mechanism for DNA target recognition and cleavage supported by biochemical experiments.
- Giedrius Sasnauskas
- , Giedre Tamulaitiene
- & Virginijus Siksnys
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News |
‘Astonishing’ molecular syringe ferries proteins into human cells
Technique borrowed from nature, and honed using artificial intelligence, could spur the development of better drug-delivery systems.
- Heidi Ledford
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Nature Podcast |
Bacterial ‘syringes’ could inject drugs directly into human cells
Repurposing a microbial system to deliver molecules directly into cells, and the disconnect between research into, and treatment of, chronic pain.
- Benjamin Thompson
- & Nick Petrić Howe
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Article |
Basis of the H2AK119 specificity of the Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) in complex with the H2AK119ub1 nucleosome provides insight into how the substrate specificity of PR-DUB is achieved.
- Weiran Ge
- , Cong Yu
- & Rui-Ming Xu
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Article
| Open AccessRBFOX2 modulates a metastatic signature of alternative splicing in pancreatic cancer
Analysis of messenger RNA splicing in a large cohort of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumours identifies differential splicing correlating with disease progression, associated with the the splicing regulator RBFOX2.
- Amina Jbara
- , Kuan-Ting Lin
- & Rotem Karni
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News |
How do we smell? First 3D structure of human odour receptor offers clues
Finding could advance our understanding of how human olfactory proteins recognize specific scents, including the pong of ripe cheese.
- Miryam Naddaf
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Article |
A swapped genetic code prevents viral infections and gene transfer
A study details the creation of an Escherichia coli genetically recoded organism that is resistant to viral infection, and describes a further modification that keeps the organism and its genetic information biocontained.
- Akos Nyerges
- , Svenja Vinke
- & George M. Church
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Article
| Open AccessWhole-genome doubling drives oncogenic loss of chromatin segregation
Whole-genome doubling induces the loss of segregation of chromatin compartments, and can lead to tumour-promoting epigenetic and transcriptional modifications.
- Ruxandra A. Lambuta
- , Luca Nanni
- & Elisa Oricchio
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Molecular sensing of mechano- and ligand-dependent adhesion GPCR dissociation
A technique to detect the release of N-terminal fragments of Drosophila adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) provides insight into the dissociation of aGPCRs, and shows that receptor autoproteolysis enables non-cell-autonomous activity of aGPCRs in the brain.
- Nicole Scholz
- , Anne-Kristin Dahse
- & Tobias Langenhan
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