Featured
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Article
| Open Access
Rapid and visual identification of β-lactamase subtypes for precision antibiotic therapy
The rapid identification of drug-resistant bacteria is vital for effective treatment and to avoid antibiotic misuse. Here authors report a paper-based sensor which utilises chromogenic carbapenem and cephalosporin substrates for the identification and discrimination of β-lactamase subtypes.
- Wenshuai Li
- , Jingqi Li
- & Dingbin Liu
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Article
| Open Access
Autonomous artificial intelligence increases screening and follow-up for diabetic retinopathy in youth: the ACCESS randomized control trial
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that can be prevented through screening, yet adherence is low. Here, the authors show that autonomous AI increases diabetic eye exam completion in a diverse cohort of youth with diabetes.
- Risa M. Wolf
- , Roomasa Channa
- & Michael D. Abramoff
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Article
| Open Access
Quick model-based viscoelastic clot strength predictions from blood protein concentrations for cybermedical coagulation control
Available viscoelastic models of blood flow and blood coagulation are unsuited for a cybermedical input-output type of control system application. Here the authors present validated viscoelastic coagulation models that use quickly-measurable protein concentrations to forecast slow clot strength curves for future automation.
- Damon E. Ghetmiri
- , Alessia J. Venturi
- & Amor A. Menezes
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Article
| Open Access
Hierarchical AI enables global interpretation of culture plates in the era of digital microbiology
DeepColony is a multi-level AI solution for the interpretation of bacterial culturing images in clinical microbiology laboratory automations. Here, the authors show it allows presumptive identification and quantitation of relevant pathogens at both colony- and plate-level.
- Alberto Signoroni
- , Alessandro Ferrari
- & Karissa Culbreath
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Article
| Open Access
Metagenomic sequencing of post-mortem tissue samples for the identification of pathogens associated with neonatal deaths
Rapid identification of pathogens in neonatal infection, and corresponding antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, would improve patient outcomes and assist in antibiotic stewardship. In this work, the authors utilize metagenomic next-generation sequencing of post-mortem tissue samples to identify pathogens associated with neonatal deaths.
- Vicky L. Baillie
- , Shabir A. Madhi
- & Courtney P. Olwagen
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Review Article
| Open Access
Smartphone-based platforms implementing microfluidic detection with image-based artificial intelligence
Smartphone-based mobile health platforms have drawn increasing attention from researchers developing point-of-care testing devices. Here the authors summarize recent progress and future directions of approaches combining microfluidics and artificial intelligence.
- Bangfeng Wang
- , Yiwei Li
- & Bi-Feng Liu
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Article
| Open Access
Paper microfluidic implementation of loop mediated isothermal amplification for early diagnosis of hepatitis C virus
Current HCV nucleic acid-based diagnosis is largely performed in centralised laboratories. Here, the authors present a pan-genotypic RNA assay, based on reverse transcriptase loop mediated isothermal amplification and develop a low-cost prototype paper-based lateral flow device for point-of-care use, providing a visually read result within 40 min.
- Weronika Witkowska McConnell
- , Chris Davis
- & Jonathan M. Cooper
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Article
| Open Access
Standardization of ELISA protocols for serosurveys of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using clinical and at-home blood sampling
Understanding the infection parameters and host responses against SARS-CoV-2 require data from large cohorts using standardized methods. Here, the authors optimize a serum ELISA protocol that has minimal cross-reactivity and flexible sample collection workflow in an attempt to standardize data generation and help inform on COVID-19 pandemic and immunity.
- Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- , Heather Kalish
- & Kaitlyn Sadtler
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Article
| Open Access
Massive and rapid COVID-19 testing is feasible by extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR
SARS-CoV-2 infection is widely diagnosed by RT-PCR, but RNA extraction is a bottleneck for fast and cheap diagnosis. Here, the authors develop protocols to perform RT-PCR directly on heat-inactivated subject samples or samples lysed with readily available detergents and benchmark performance against 597 clinically diagnosed patient samples.
- Ioanna Smyrlaki
- , Martin Ekman
- & Björn Reinius
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Article
| Open Access
An evaluation of COVID-19 serological assays informs future diagnostics and exposure assessment
SARS-CoV-2 is causing a global pandemic in which the implementation of serology can support decision making in different scenarios. Here, the authors compare the outcome of eight commercially available assays to virus neutralization and discuss their use in diagnostics and exposure assessment of SARS-CoV-2.
- Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel
- , Nisreen M. A. Okba
- & Marion Koopmans
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Article
| Open Access
Development of high-throughput ATR-FTIR technology for rapid triage of brain cancer
Diagnosing brain cancer is frequently difficult and requires specialist equipment. Here, the authors develop their previous attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method and incoporate the use of disposable silicon wafers for diagnosing brain cancer using serum samples.
- Holly J. Butler
- , Paul M. Brennan
- & Matthew J. Baker
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Article
| Open Access
Whole blood stabilization for the microfluidic isolation and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells
The current FDA-approved whole blood stabilization method for circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation suffers from RNA degradation. Here the authors combine hypothermic preservation and antiplatelet strategies to stabilize whole blood up to 72 h without compromising CTC yield and RNA integrity.
- Keith H. K. Wong
- , Shannon N. Tessier
- & Mehmet Toner
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Article
| Open Access
Ultra-sensitive liquid biopsy of circulating extracellular vesicles using ExoScreen
The potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as cancer biomarkers is substantial. Here, Yoshioka et al. describe a sensitive technique to analyse EVs directly from blood samples of patients with colorectal cancer, highlighting a liquid biopsy technique with cancer-detection possibilities.
- Yusuke Yoshioka
- , Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- & Takahiro Ochiya
Early onset diagnosis in Alzheimer’s disease patients via amyloid-β oligomers-sensing probe in cerebrospinal fluid