Featured
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Article
| Open Access
The HIV capsid mimics karyopherin engagement of FG-nucleoporins
Dissection of the nuclear pore complex provides a model in which the HIV capsid enters the nucleus through karyopherin mimicry, a mechanism likely to be conserved across other viruses.
- C. F. Dickson
- , S. Hertel
- & D. A. Jacques
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Comment |
This is how the world finally ends the HIV/AIDS pandemic
Putting the specific needs of individuals and communities at the heart of HIV/AIDS care, by harnessing behavioural science, is key to building on the progress already been made.
- John Nkengasong
- , Mike Reid
- & Ingrid T. Katz
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Article |
Africa-specific human genetic variation near CHD1L associates with HIV-1 load
Africa-specific genetic variation on chromosome 1 near CHD1L is associated with HIV replication in vivo.
- Paul J. McLaren
- , Immacolata Porreca
- & Jacques Fellay
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News |
Third patient free of HIV after receiving virus-resistant cells
But the risks associated with the procedure mean it is unlikely to be used widely in its current form.
- Sara Reardon
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Article
| Open Access
HIV silencing and cell survival signatures in infected T cell reservoirs
HIV-infected memory CD4 T cells under antiretroviral therapy are a distinctive population of cells with transcriptomic patterns that favour HIV silencing, cell survival and cell proliferation.
- Iain C. Clark
- , Prakriti Mudvari
- & Eli A. Boritz
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Editorial |
Laggard rich countries risk slowing the fight against AIDS, malaria and TB
The United Kingdom and Italy need to renew their commitments to banish these major infectious killers from the world.
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Editorial |
Preventive HIV drug shows urgent need for transparency on pricing
The drug cabotegravir could be a game-changer in the fight against HIV/AIDS — but we need to know why it costs so much.
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Article |
Combination anti-HIV antibodies provide sustained virological suppression
Combination therapy of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can provide long-term virological suppression in individuals infected with HIV without antiretroviral therapy.
- Michael C. Sneller
- , Jana Blazkova
- & Tae-Wook Chun
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Innovations In |
HIV Care Has Improved Dramatically—But Not for Everyone
The HIV/AIDS crisis has lessons for the COVID pandemic and other health inequities.
- David Malebranche
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Obituary |
Luc Montagnier (1932–2022)
Virologist who won a Nobel prize for discovering HIV.
- Heidi Ledford
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News Round-Up |
Earliest humans, HIV variant and breakthrough COVID
The latest science news, in brief.
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News |
Highly virulent HIV variant found circulating in Europe
The mutated strain’s effects are more severe, and it is more transmissible — but drugs are still effective against it.
- Giorgia Guglielmi
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Research Highlight |
A fatty molecule shows promise for staving off HIV
When tested in monkeys, a lipid-rich molecule drove the concentration of an HIV-like virus below detectable levels.
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Comment |
Africa: tackle HIV and COVID-19 together
Failure to get COVID-19 vaccines to nations with high rates of uncontrolled advanced HIV puts people living with that virus at even greater risk, and could drive the emergence of coronavirus variants.
- Nokukhanya Msomi
- , Richard Lessells
- & Tulio de Oliveira
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World View |
Victories against AIDS have lessons for COVID-19
Anthony Fauci on four decades of progress against HIV, and what’s needed for the future.
- Anthony Fauci
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Article |
Distinct viral reservoirs in individuals with spontaneous control of HIV-1
In individuals who have achieved natural control of HIV-1 without drug treatment, intact proviral sequences are integrated into genomic regions that are not permissive to active viral transcription, indicating deep latency of the virus.
- Chenyang Jiang
- , Xiaodong Lian
- & Xu G. Yu
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Article |
Clinical targeting of HIV capsid protein with a long-acting small molecule
The small molecule GS-6207, which disrupts the function of the HIV capsid protein, shows potential as a long-acting therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection.
- John O. Link
- , Martin S. Rhee
- & Tomas Cihlar
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Article |
Robust and persistent reactivation of SIV and HIV by N-803 and depletion of CD8+ cells
The interleukin-15 superagonist N-803, combined with the depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes, induced a robust and persistent reactivation of the virus in vivo in both antiretroviral-therapy-treated SIV-infected macaques and HIV-infected humanized mice.
- Julia Bergild McBrien
- , Maud Mavigner
- & Guido Silvestri
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Review Article |
Why and where an HIV cure is needed and how it might be achieved
Current barriers and limitations to HIV treatments are reviewed, and suggestions for future steps to achieve an effective curative intervention are discussed.
- Thumbi Ndung’u
- , Joseph M. McCune
- & Steven G. Deeks
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Article
| Open Access
Mapping HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2017
Fine-scale estimates of the prevalence of HIV in adults across sub-Saharan Africa reveal substantial within-country variation and local differences in both the direction and rate of change in the prevalence of HIV between 2000 and 2017.
- Laura Dwyer-Lindgren
- , Michael A. Cork
- & Simon I. Hay
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Letter |
A quantitative approach for measuring the reservoir of latent HIV-1 proviruses
An assay to measure the latent HIV-1 reservoir that separately quantifies intact and defective proviruses will facilitate evaluation of HIV-1 cure strategies by measuring the provirues that pose a barrier to cure.
- Katherine M. Bruner
- , Zheng Wang
- & Robert F. Siliciano
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Article |
Combination therapy with anti-HIV-1 antibodies maintains viral suppression
Combination therapy with the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies 3BNC117 and 10-1074 maintains long-term suppression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy in individuals with antibody-sensitive viral reservoirs.
- Pilar Mendoza
- , Henning Gruell
- & Michel C. Nussenzweig
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Brief Communications Arising |
Evidence that CD32a does not mark the HIV-1 latent reservoir
- Christa E. Osuna
- , So-Yon Lim
- & James B. Whitney
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Brief Communications Arising |
Conflicting evidence for HIV enrichment in CD32+ CD4 T cells
- Liliana Pérez
- , Jodi Anderson
- & Eli A. Boritz
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Letter |
Tracing HIV-1 strains that imprint broadly neutralizing antibody responses
Similarity of antibody responses in HIV-1 transmission pairs reveals a significant impact of the virus genome on imprinting antibody responses.
- Roger D. Kouyos
- , Peter Rusert
- & Sabine Yerly
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Letter
| Open Access
Sooty mangabey genome sequence provides insight into AIDS resistance in a natural SIV host
Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of immune-related genes of Cercocebus atys and Macaca mulatta identify candidate genes, such as ICAM2 and TLR4, that may explain the AIDS resistance of C. atys.
- David Palesch
- , Steven E. Bosinger
- & Guido Silvestri
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Brief Communications Arising |
Lorenzo-Redondo et al. reply
- Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- , Helen R. Fryer
- & Steven M. Wolinsky
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Brief Communications Arising |
Re-evaluating evolution in the HIV reservoir
- Daniel I. S. Rosenbloom
- , Alison L. Hill
- & Robert F. Siliciano
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Letter |
Rapid elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV by immunization in cows
Immunization of cows with a recombinant HIV envelope protein leads to the rapid development of potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV.
- Devin Sok
- , Khoa M. Le
- & Dennis R. Burton
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Letter |
Open and closed structures reveal allostery and pliability in the HIV-1 envelope spike
New high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of the HIV-1 envelope protein provide a detailed description and understanding of how the HIV-1 fusion machinery functions and how it changes its structure over time to convert from the pre-fusion to the fusion-intermediate conformation.
- Gabriel Ozorowski
- , Jesper Pallesen
- & Andrew B. Ward
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Letter |
Early antibody therapy can induce long-lasting immunity to SHIV
Early administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies in a macaque SHIV infection model is associated with very low levels of persistent viraemia, which leads to the establishment of T-cell immunity and resultant long-term infection control.
- Yoshiaki Nishimura
- , Rajeev Gautam
- & Malcolm A. Martin
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Letter |
1970s and ‘Patient 0’ HIV-1 genomes illuminate early HIV/AIDS history in North America
A study of the early genetic diversity and history of the HIV-1 epidemic in North America through sequencing of eight full-length viral genomes from the 1970s.
- Michael Worobey
- , Thomas D. Watts
- & Harold W. Jaffe
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Letter |
A single injection of anti-HIV-1 antibodies protects against repeated SHIV challenges
A single injection of four anti-HIV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies blocks repeated weekly low-dose virus challenges of simian/human immunodeficiency virus.
- Rajeev Gautam
- , Yoshiaki Nishimura
- & Malcolm A. Martin
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Letter |
Viraemia suppressed in HIV-1-infected humans by broadly neutralizing antibody 3BNC117
A phase I study of passive immunization with a CD4 binding-site-directed broadly neutralizing antibody shows that it transiently reduces HIV-1 viral loads in humans.
- Marina Caskey
- , Florian Klein
- & Michel C. Nussenzweig
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Letter |
Broad CTL response is required to clear latent HIV-1 due to dominance of escape mutations
Despite receiving antiretroviral therapy, most patients with HIV still have latent reservoirs of the virus; here, these reservoirs are shown to be dominated by viruses with cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations, with potential implications for the development of therapeutic vaccines.
- Kai Deng
- , Mihaela Pertea
- & Robert F. Siliciano
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Article |
Structure and immune recognition of trimeric pre-fusion HIV-1 Env
A crystal structure of the human immunodeficiency virus Env trimer, used by the virus to infect cells, is determined here; the new structure, which shows the pre-fusion form of Env, increases our understanding of the fusion mechanism and of how the conformation of Env allows the virus to evade the immune response.
- Marie Pancera
- , Tongqing Zhou
- & Peter D. Kwong
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Letter |
Broad and potent HIV-1 neutralization by a human antibody that binds the gp41–gp120 interface
Molecular and structural characterization is reported for a new broad and potent monoclonal antibody against HIV that binds to an epitope bridging the gp41 and gp120 subunits — the antibody affects a step in virus entry after binding to CD4 and before engagement of CCR5.
- Jinghe Huang
- , Byong H. Kang
- & Mark Connors
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Letter |
Type I interferon responses in rhesus macaques prevent SIV infection and slow disease progression
The timing of type I interferon signalling determines the disease course of SIV infection.
- Netanya G. Sandler
- , Steven E. Bosinger
- & Daniel C. Douek
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Outlook |
Infectious disease: Beating the big three
Malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis are humanity's deadliest foes, and have stymied vaccinologists for centuries. New technology and ideas could finally make a difference.
- Katherine Bourzac
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Article |
Developmental pathway for potent V1V2-directed HIV-neutralizing antibodies
A longitudinal study of an individual patient developing neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 (targeting the V1V2 region of gp120) reveals how such neutralizing antibodies develop and evolve over time, providing important insights relevant to vaccine development.
- Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- , Chaim A. Schramm
- & John R. Mascola
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Inside View |
Inside View: Bettencourt Schueller Foundation
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Article |
Cell death by pyroptosis drives CD4 T-cell depletion in HIV-1 infection
Quiescent CD4 T cells in lymphoid tissues are shown to die after HIV-1 infection by caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death; caspase 1 inhibitors, which are safe for human use, can rescue the cell death in vitro raising the possibility of new therapeutics targeting the host instead of the virus.
- Gilad Doitsh
- , Nicole L. K. Galloway
- & Warner C. Greene
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Article |
Immunological and virological mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection against SIV and HIV
The analysis of multiple SIV vaccine regimens in macaques leads to the identification of a key two-amino-acid signature that confers resistance to neutralizing antibodies; a similar mechanism of immune escape is shown to operate in HIV and may explain the limited efficacy seen in HIV vaccine trials.
- Mario Roederer
- , Brandon F. Keele
- & John R. Mascola
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Letter |
HIV-1 evades innate immune recognition through specific cofactor recruitment
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is shown here to depend on the recruitment to the HIV-1 capsid of specific cofactors involved in orchestrating nuclear entry and targeting; when these capsid–cofactor interactions are prevented either by virus mutation, cofactor depletion or pharmacological inhibition of cofactor recruitment, viral DNA can be detected by innate immune sensors.
- Jane Rasaiyaah
- , Choon Ping Tan
- & Greg J. Towers
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Letter |
Antibody-mediated immunotherapy of macaques chronically infected with SHIV suppresses viraemia
A new generation of broad and potent anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies has recently been isolated; co-administration of two such antibodies is shown here to result in rapid and potent suppression of plasma viraemia in five chronically SHIV-infected macaques that lasts for several weeks.
- Masashi Shingai
- , Yoshiaki Nishimura
- & Malcolm A. Martin
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Article |
Therapeutic efficacy of potent neutralizing HIV-1-specific monoclonal antibodies in SHIV-infected rhesus monkeys
Treatment of SHIV-infected monkeys with potent broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies resulted in rapid control of viral replication in both peripheral blood and tissues; viral rebound was linked to decreasing antibody concentrations and not the generation of escape mutations, and setpoint viral load following viral rebound remained lower than the initial baseline viral load.
- Dan H. Barouch
- , James B. Whitney
- & Dennis R. Burton
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Outlook |
Diagnosis: Waiting for results
There are several new tests for tuberculosis in the pipeline, but they must be shown to be effective in areas with limited resources and a heavy burden of HIV.
- Catherine de Lange
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Outlook |
Perspective: Graduation time
Universities should forego profits from tuberculosis, say David G. Russell and Carl F. Nathan.
- David G. Russell
- & Carl F. Nathan
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Article |
Co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody and founder virus
Longitudinal sampling is used to map the evolution of an HIV-1 virus from the time of infection, and the co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing antibody in the same infected patient; the findings have important implications for HIV vaccine development.
- Hua-Xin Liao
- , Rebecca Lynch
- & Barton F. Haynes
Blockbuster obesity drug leads to better health in people with HIV