Herpes virus articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    The main challenge for anti-HSV therapy is to target latent virus in ganglionic neurons. Here, the authors report a well-tolerated anti-HSV gene editing approach against HSV which targets latent HSV genomes and leads to reductions of ganglionic viral loads, and viral shedding upon reactivation in mouse models.

    • Martine Aubert
    • , Anoria K. Haick
    •  & Keith R. Jerome

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Encephalitis is a rare and severe complication of Herpes Simplex type 1 infection. Here, Bibert et al describe a genetic variant in a 2-year-old affected child that impairs interferon production in neuronal cells and enhances viral replication.

    • Stéphanie Bibert
    • , Mathieu Quinodoz
    •  & Pierre-Yves Bochud

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen associated with morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised or immunonaive context. Here the authors show that HCMV exploits STING signalling and subverts the interferon response to support infection of monocyte derive dendritic cells.

    • Bibiana Costa
    • , Jennifer Becker
    •  & Ulrich Kalinke

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Lower respiratory tract disease is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), but underlying reasons remain unclear. Here the authors show that HHV-6B detection in the lungs of allogeneic HCT recipients is associated with increased risk for death and distinct host gene expression profiles, implicating HHV-6B as a pulmonary pathogen in these patients.

    • Joshua A. Hill
    • , Yeon Joo Lee
    •  & Michael Boeckh

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Here authors generate a glycoengineered keratinocyte library delineating human glycosylation pathways. The use of this library reveals that each stage of the HSV-1 infectious cycle is sensitive to alterations in the cellular glycan landscape, identifying critical biosynthetic steps that could be exploited for targeting HSV-1.

    • Ieva Bagdonaite
    • , Irina N. Marinova
    •  & Hans H. Wandall

  • Article
    | Open Access

    N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is an N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) writer, which catalyzes RNA acetylation at cytidine N4 position on RNAs. Here, the authors show that NAT10 catalyzes ac4C addition to a long non-coding RNA encoded by the oncogenic DNA virus Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), triggering viral lytic reactivation from latency, which promotes NAT10 recruitment of IFI16 mRNA, resulting in inflammasome activation.

    • Qin Yan
    • , Jing Zhou
    •  & Chun Lu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    There is a clinical need for effective and efficacious vaccines for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that induce substantive and protective immunity. Here the authors use a combined lymph-node targeted adjuvant and subunit vaccine against EBV and show the induction and effectiveness in a human leukocyte antigen expressing murine model.’

    • Vijayendra Dasari
    • , Lisa K. McNeil
    •  & Rajiv Khanna

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The heterogeneity of single cell responses during infection have been reported to influence disease outcome. Here, Pietilä et al characterize cellular heterogeneity during Herpes Simplex Virus 1 infection using a multimodal approach that resolves gene expression, proteomic and spatial details at the single cell level.

    • Maija K. Pietilä
    • , Jana J. Bachmann
    •  & Cornel Fraefel

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Fibroblasts are an established cell type permissive for cytomegalovirus infection. Here the authors identify a population of fibroblast cells that can support murine cytomegalovirus lytic and latent virus infection in vivo and propose STAT1 as critically involved in murine cytomegalovirus latency.

    • Katarzyna M. Sitnik
    • , Fran Krstanović
    •  & Luka Čičin-Šain

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The PNUTS-PP1 complex directly binds to RNA, and interacts with polymerase II and RNA processing factors to control transcriptional elongation rates and slow polymerase II after polyadenylation sites to promote termination. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen, Devlin et al. identify this complex as a critical suppressor of herpesvirus KSHV gene expression. They further provide evidence that PNUTS-PP1 controls elongation both downstream and upstream of polyadenylation sites on specific viral genes.

    • Anne M. Devlin
    • , Ashutosh Shukla
    •  & Nicholas K. Conrad

  • Article
    | Open Access

    There are competing hypotheses for human herpes simplex virus 2’s migration out-of-Africa. Here, the authors sequence 65 new herpes simplex virus 2 genomes with a focus on under-sampled sub-Saharan African countries, suggesting an Eastern African origin for global dispersal the virus between 22-29 thousand years ago.

    • Jennifer L. Havens
    • , Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer
    •  & Joel O. Wertheim

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Human cytomegalovirus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant patients and multiple immune cells types are critical during infection and reactivation. Here the authors assess the immune cell compartments of haematopoietic stem cell recipients in the early period post transplantation and identify key features of effector memory CD4+ T cells and mucosal associated invariant T cells in this context.

    • Lauren Stern
    • , Helen M. McGuire
    •  & Barry Slobedman

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a major etiological agent of swine infectious diseases responsible for significant economic losses in the swine industry. The authors report the structures of the PRV A-capsid and C-capsid, shedding light on PRV’s assembly mechanism.

    • Guosong Wang
    • , Zhenghui Zha
    •  & Ningshao Xia

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Current varicella vaccines retain neurovirulence and can establish latency and reactivate. Here, the authors present preclinical results of a rationally-designed, skin- and neuro-attenuated varicella vaccine candidate, v7D, showing its attenuation in human skin and neuronal cells and its immunogenicity in small animal models and nonhuman primates

    • Wei Wang
    • , Dequan Pan
    •  & Ningshao Xia

  • Article
    | Open Access

    RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes non-coding RNA, including tRNAs. Applying different RNA-Seq techniques, Dremel et al. provide the Pol III transcriptional landscape of Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infected cells. Infection leads to an increase in tRNA expression from host euchromatin and Pol II re-localization to tRNA loci. They also find that Pol III – associated factors bind to the viral genome.

    • Sarah E. Dremel
    • , Frances L. Sivrich
    •  & Neal A. DeLuca

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The T cell response to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is critical to controlling infection and immunopathology but has been poorly explored in immunocompetent patients. Here the authors characterise the T cell response to the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus proteome in immunocompetent patients from rural Uganda.

    • Angela Nalwoga
    • , Romin Roshan
    •  & Denise Whitby

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Currently, there are no treatments or vaccines against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Here, Zhu et al. isolate gH/gL-specific antibodies from infected donors and identify 1D8, that substantially reduces infection levels in both, B- and epithelial cells, and reduces tumor burdens in EBV-challanged humanized mice due to interferance with the gH/gL-mediated membrane fusion and binding.

    • Qian-Ying Zhu
    • , Sisi Shan
    •  & Linqi Zhang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The immune response to herpes simplex virus is essential in limiting immunopathology during infection, however factors linked to neuroprotection are currently unclear. Here the authors implicate mTORC2 in the host response to viral infection and link to neuroprotection.

    • Rahul K. Suryawanshi
    • , Chandrashekhar D. Patil
    •  & Deepak Shukla

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Here, cryo-EM reconstructions of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) virions reveal host tRNAs associated with the virion’s capsid-bound tegument protein, pp150. tRNA recruitment is mediated by the interactions specific for HCMV only, suggesting the explanation for the absence of such tRNA densities in related herpesviruses.

    • Yun-Tao Liu
    • , David Strugatsky
    •  & Z. Hong Zhou

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Nucleoside analogs (NNA), such as acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV), are widely used as anti-virals to treat herpes virus infection. Here, Nishii et al. show that diphosphatase NUDT15 hydrolyzes ACV and GCV, therewith reducing NNA activity in vitro and link NUDT15 variation to inter-patient variability in ACV and GCV therapeutic effects.

    • Rina Nishii
    • , Takanori Mizuno
    •  & Jun J. Yang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Citrullination is a posttranslational modification of arginines. Here, the authors show that HCMV infection increases citrullination of host and virus proteins to promote infection and that citrullinated interferon-inducible protein IFIT1 is impaired in RNA binding, as a potential mechanism of evasion.

    • Gloria Griffante
    • , Francesca Gugliesi
    •  & Santo Landolfo

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Various herpesvirus therapeutics target the viral DNA polymerase. Here, the authors present the crystal structure of herpesvirus polymerase in the elongating state with bound primer-template DNA and the broad-spectrum non-nucleoside inhibitor PNU-183792, which is of interest for further drug design.

    • Robert P. Hayes
    • , Mee Ra Heo
    •  & Daniel Klein

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Glycoprotein US9 of human cytomegalovirus downregulates the activating immune ligand MICA*008 to avoid NK cell activation. Here, Seidel et al. show that the signal peptide of US9 is cleaved unusually slowly, causing MICA*008 to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and degraded via the ER quality control system.

    • Einat Seidel
    • , Liat Dassa
    •  & Ofer Mandelboim

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) establishes lifelong neuronal latency in humans. Here, Ouwendijk and Depledge et al. identify a fusion transcript, VLT-ORF63, which is expressed during lytic and latent infection, and demonstrate a role for the translated fusion protein in induction of lytic gene expression from latent VZV genomes.

    • Werner J. D. Ouwendijk
    • , Daniel P. Depledge
    •  & Tomohiko Sadaoka

  • Article
    | Open Access

    EphA2 is the specific entry receptor for both human γ-herpesviruses Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Here, the authors present the crystal structures of the EphA2 ligand binding domain (LBD) bound to the viral glycoprotein gHgL from EBV and KSHV and further analyse EphA2 gHgL interactions with mutagenesis experiments in cell-based fusion assays and suggest that other animal γ-herpesviruses could also use EphA2 as an entry receptor.

    • Chao Su
    • , Lili Wu
    •  & Jinghua Yan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Current gene drive strategies are restricted to sexually reproducing species. Here the authors develop a gene drive in herpesviruses that allows the spread of an engineered trait through a viral population.

    • Marius Walter
    •  & Eric Verdin

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Herpesviruses code for conserved protein kinases (CHPKs) that exert several regulatory functions by interacting with cellular factors. Here, the authors use affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP–MS) to identify differential interaction partners of CHPKs from seven different human herpesviruses, finding Cyclin A and associated factors as a specific signature of β-herpesvirus kinases.

    • Boris Bogdanow
    • , Max Schmidt
    •  & Lüder Wiebusch

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chickenpox and herpes zoster (shingles). Cryo-EM structure of VZV capsid provides insights into the capsid assembly and reveals a pocket that could potentially be targeted by antiviral drugs.

    • Junqing Sun
    • , Congcong Liu
    •  & Peiyi Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Herpes simplex virus establishes lifelong latency in ganglionic neurons, which are the source for recurrent infection. Here Aubert et al. report a promising antiviral therapy based on gene editing with adeno-associated virus-delivered meganucleases, which leads to a significant reduction in ganglionic HSV loads and HSV reactivation.

    • Martine Aubert
    • , Daniel E. Strongin
    •  & Keith R. Jerome

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Herpesvirus virions have an outer lipid membrane dotted with glycoproteins that enable fusion with cell membranes to initiate entry and establish infection. Here the authors elucidate the structural mechanism of a neutralizing antibody derived from a patient infected by the herpesvirus varicella-zoster virus and targeted to its fusogen, glycoprotein-B.

    • Stefan L. Oliver
    • , Yi Xing
    •  & Ann M. Arvin

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Here, using computational integration of multi-omics data, the authors provide a detailed transcriptome and translatome of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), including previously unidentified ORFs and N-terminal extensions. The study also provides a HSV-1 genome browser and should be a valuable resource for further research.

    • Adam W. Whisnant
    • , Christopher S. Jürges
    •  & Lars Dölken

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) episomes tether to the host chromosome via EBNA1. Here, using circular chromosome conformation capture (4C), Kim et al. identify attachment sites and show that EBV episomes preferentially associate with transcriptionally silenced genes in Burkitt lymphoma cells.

    • Kyoung-Dong Kim
    • , Hideki Tanizawa
    •  & Paul M. Lieberman

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection disrupts transcription termination (DoTT) of host genes, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, Wang et al. show that the HSV-1 immediate early protein ICP27 induces DoTT through interaction with the mRNA 3’ processing factor CPSF and disruption of the processing complex.

    • Xiuye Wang
    • , Thomas Hennig
    •  & Yongsheng Shi

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