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| Open AccessThe orphan receptor Gpr83 regulates systemic energy metabolism via ghrelin-dependent and ghrelin-independent mechanisms
The murine G protein-coupled receptor 83 (Gpr83) is expressed widely in the brain, but its physiological role is largely unknown. Here Müller et al.show that Gpr83 regulates systemic energy metabolism in part by modulating ghrelin signalling in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.
- Timo D. Müller
- , Anne Müller
- & Matthias H. Tschöp
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Clusterin and LRP2 are critical components of the hypothalamic feeding regulatory pathway
Clusterin is widely distributed in tissues and body fluids, and is implicated in various physiological processes. In this study the authors investigate the role of hypothalamic clusterin, and find that clusterin regulates energy metabolism and body weight through the lipoprotein receptor LRP2.
- So Young Gil
- , Byung-Soo Youn
- & Min-Seon Kim
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Haematopoietic cells produce BDNF and regulate appetite upon migration to the hypothalamus
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is produced in the brain and is a known regulator of energy homoeostasis. Here Urabe and colleagues show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor-producing haematopoietic cells control appetite by migrating into the hypothalamus, where they make contact with neurons.
- Hiroshi Urabe
- , Hideto Kojima
- & Hiroshi Kimura
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Dissecting a central flip-flop circuit that integrates contradictory sensory cues in C. elegans feeding regulation
Animals sense multiple environmental cues simultaneously and use this sensory information to regulate feeding behaviour, which is fundamental to survival. Li and co-workers describe a central circuit inCaenorhabditis elegansthat can be activated by attractive odours or repellents to facilitate or suppress feeding behaviour.
- Zhaoyu Li
- , Yidong Li
- & Tao Xu
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Rapid adaptation to food availability by a dopamine-mediated morphogenetic response
Food availability elicits behavioural and developmental responses. Adamset al. show that, in sea urchin larvae, food availability mediates developmental plasticity by regulating changes in arm length through dopamine signalling, a pathway widely used to mediate food-induced behavioural responses.
- Diane K. Adams
- , Mary A. Sewell
- & Lynne M. Angerer
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Behavioural memory reconsolidation of food and fear memories
Memory retrieval followed by extinction training has been shown to erase fear memories. Flavellet al. show that this approach also erases appetitive memories in rats and results from a modification of memory reconsolidation, which could be useful for the treatment of drug addiction.
- Charlotte R. Flavell
- , David J. Barber
- & Jonathan L.C. Lee
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Food restriction enhances visual cortex plasticity in adulthood
Calorie restriction has been associated with increased life span and delayed decline of memory in animals, suggesting a role in neuronal plasticity. In this study, food restriction is demonstrated to enhance plasticity in the central nervous system and trigger the recovery from ocular deprivation in adulthood.
- Maria Spolidoro
- , Laura Baroncelli
- & Lamberto Maffei