Evolution articles within Nature

Featured

  • Letter |

    Transcriptional enhancers are segments of regulatory DNA located some distance from the coding region of a gene, and several of them may sometimes serve apparently redundant functions. These authors demonstrate in Drosophila that such 'redundant' enhancers, by contributing higher overall levels of transcription, ensure robustness of phenotypes against both genetic and environmental perturbations, for example mutations in other genes or temperature changes that would otherwise lead to aberrant development.

    • Nicolás Frankel
    • , Gregory K. Davis
    •  & David L. Stern

  • Letter |

    The 505-million-year-old Burgess Shales of British Columbia are justifiably famous for the exquisite preservation of their fossils, and for the extreme oddity of many of them. One such is Nectocaris pteryx, which, from the few fossils available for study, looked like a chordate fused with an arthropod. However, the collection and examination of more fossils of Nectocaris suggests that it in fact represents an early offshoot of cephalopod molluscs — a kind of squid, though with two rather than eight or ten tentacles.

    • Martin R. Smith
    •  & Jean-Bernard Caron

  • Letter |

    Ceratopsians — horned dinosaurs — were distinctive features of the fauna of the Cretaceous period in East Asia and western North America. There have been hints that they might also have occurred elsewhere, but this has not been definitive, until now. The discovery of a ceratopsian, Ajkaceratops kozmai, from what is now Hungary shows that Late Cretaceous biogeography still has surprises in store.

    • Attila Ősi
    • , Richard J. Butler
    •  & David B. Weishampel

  • News & Views |

    Fossils from the famed Burgess Shale continue to deliver fresh perspectives on a dramatic episode in evolutionary time. The latest revelations bear on the early history of cephalopod molluscs.

    • Stefan Bengtson

  • News & Views |

    The discovery in Europe of fossils of a small horned dinosaur, a member of a group previously known only from Asia and North America, will prompt a rethink of biogeography at that time in the past.

    • Xing Xu

  • Letter |

    The need to maintain the structural and functional integrity of an evolving protein limits the range of acceptable amino-acid substitutions — but to what extent does this constrain how far homologous protein sequences can diverge? Here, sequence divergence data are used to explore the limits of protein evolution, and to conclude that ancient proteins are continuing to diverge from one another, indicating that the protein sequence universe is slowly expanding.

    • Inna S. Povolotskaya
    •  & Fyodor A. Kondrashov

  • Letter |

    It is generally assumed that life had a single origin — or, at least, that all extant life descended from a 'universal common ancestor' (UCA) — although this view has been called into question by evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer. Here, the UCA view is framed as a formal hypothesis and tested (crucially, without assuming that genetic similarity reflects genetic kinship). The UCA view triumphs: a single origin of life is overwhelmingly more likely than any competing hypothesis.

    • Douglas L. Theobald

  • Letter |

    The Burgess Shales of British Columbia are famous for having yielded fossils of soft-bodied creatures from the Middle Cambrian period. Although similar faunas are now known from localities as far apart as China and Greenland, they seem to have died out before the end of the Cambrian. Or did they? Here, the discovery of a Burgess Shale-type fauna from the Ordovician period in Morocco is reported, showing that creatures of this type persisted beyond the end of the Cambrian.

    • Peter Van Roy
    • , Patrick J. Orr
    •  & Derek E. G. Briggs

  • Letter |

    What agents of selection shape creatures in the wild? The answer for the brown anole lizard seems to be competition with its fellows, rather than predation from without. Bird or snake predators were included or excluded across six Caribbean islands that ranged from low to high population densities of lizards. Although the presence of predators altered lizard behaviour, it was increases in lizard population density that altered the lizard's phenotype, favouring larger size, longer legs and increased stamina for running.

    • Ryan Calsbeek
    •  & Robert M. Cox

  • Letter |

    The ability of plants to 'green' in the dark is attributed to the activity of the dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (DPOR). This enzyme catalyses the stereospecific reduction of the C17≡C18 double bond of protochlorophyllide to form chlorophyllide a, the direct precursor of chlorophyll a. The X-ray crystal structure of the catalytic component of DPOR has now been solved. A chemical mechanism is proposed by which the reduction of the double bond may occur.

    • Norifumi Muraki
    • , Jiro Nomata
    •  & Yuichi Fujita

  • Letter |

    Hydrogen metabolism is facilitated by the activity of three hydrogenase enzymes. The catalytic core of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase (HydA), called the H-cluster, exists as a [4Fe4S] subcluster linked to a modified 2Fe subcluster. Here, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii HydA was expressed in a genetic background that did not contain the other hydrogenase biosynthetic genes. The structure of this HydA was then solved, revealing the stepwise manner by which the H-cluster is synthesized, and offering insight into how HydA might have evolved.

    • David W. Mulder
    • , Eric S. Boyd
    •  & John W. Peters

  • News & Views |

    To reduce parental care, just add water — that's the conclusion of an intriguing investigation into the extent of the motherly and fatherly devotion that different species of frog extend to their offspring.

    • Hanna Kokko
    •  & Michael Jennions

  • News & Views |

    According to an innovative exercise in 'morphospace analysis', modern fish owe their stunning diversity in part to an ecological cleaning of the slate by the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.

    • Michael Alfaro
    •  & Francesco Santini

  • News Feature |

    The explosion in commercial archaeology has brought a flood of information. The problem now is figuring out how to find and use this unpublished literature, reports Matt Ford.

    • Matt Ford

  • Article |

    Here, the generation and evolution of the complex spotted wing pattern of Drosophila guttifera are investigated. The findings show that wing spots are induced by the Wingless morphogen, and that the elaborate spot pattern evolved from simpler schemes by co-option of Wingless expression at new sites. This type of process is likely to occur in other animals, too.

    • Thomas Werner
    • , Shigeyuki Koshikawa
    •  & Sean B. Carroll

  • Letter |

    Study of two specimens of the feathered dinosaur Similicaudipteryx shows that the morphology of dinosaur feathers changed dramatically as the animals matured. Moreover, the morphology of feathers in dinosaurs was much more varied than one would expect from looking at feathers in modern birds.

    • Xing Xu
    • , Xiaoting Zheng
    •  & Hailu You

  • Letter |

    Self-fertilisation (selfing) in plants is prevented mainly by the self-incompatibility recognition system, which consists of male and female specificity genes and modifier genes. Selfing does occur in Arabidopsis plants, but it is not known how it arose. Here it is reported that selfing in Arabidopsis results from a geographically widespread, 213-base-pair inversion within the male specificity gene. When this inversion is returned to its original orientation, selfing is prevented once more.

    • Takashi Tsuchimatsu
    • , Keita Suwabe
    •  & Kentaro K. Shimizu

  • News & Views |

    The sequencing of ancient DNA is generating dramatic results. The sequence from a bone fragment has revealed the existence of an unknown type of extinct human ancestor that lived in Asia 40,000 years ago.

    • Terence A. Brown

  • Letter
    | Open Access

    Ancient mitochondrial DNA from a hominin individual who lived in the mountains of Central Asia between 48,000–30,000 years ago has been sequenced. Comparative genomics suggest that this mitochondrial DNA derives from an out-of-Africa migration distinct from the ones that gave rise to Neanderthals and modern humans. It also seems that this hominin lived in close spatio-temporal proximity to Neanderthals and modern humans.

    • Johannes Krause
    • , Qiaomei Fu
    •  & Svante Pääbo

  • Letter |

    Male pregnancy is restricted to seahorses, pipefishes and their relatives, in which young are nurtured in the male's brood pouch. It is now clear that the brood pouch has a further function. Studies of Gulf pipefish show that males can selectively abort embryos from females perceived as less attractive, saving resources for more hopeful prospects later. This is the only known example of post-copulatory sexual conflict in a sex-reversed species.

    • Kimberly A. Paczolt
    •  & Adam G. Jones

  • News |

    Stone tools reveal that hominins lived on the Indonesian island of Flores a million years ago.

    • Rex Dalton

  • Letter |

    Evidence for hominin activity on Flores, Indonesia, has been thought to go back at least 800,000 years, as shown by fission-track dating at Mata Menge in the Soa Basin. However, new research at another locality in the Soa Basin uses the more accurate technique of 40Ar/39Ar dating to show that hominins were living on Flores at least a million years ago.

    • Adam Brumm
    • , Gitte M. Jensen
    •  & Michael Storey

Browse broader subjects

Browse narrower subjects

Browse Evolution across other nature.com journals