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| Open AccessLocal orchestration of distributed functional patterns supporting loss and restoration of consciousness in the primate brain
The brain’s role in supporting consciousness is unclear. Here, authors show that global markers of consciousness in macaque cortex are suppressed by many anaesthetics, and restored by local stimulation of a thalamic nucleus that also induces awakening.
- Andrea I. Luppi
- , Lynn Uhrig
- & Rodrigo Cofre
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| Open AccessCortical depth profiles in primary visual cortex for illusory and imaginary experiences
Whether visual illusions and mental imagery are similarly represented in visual cortex is not well understood. Here, the authors show that imagery content is mainly detectable in deep layers of V1, whereas illusory content is decodable mainly from superficial layers.
- Johanna Bergmann
- , Lucy S. Petro
- & Lars Muckli
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| Open AccessIdentification of 5-HT2A receptor signaling pathways associated with psychedelic potential
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor signaling mechanisms associated with predicting psychedelic potential remain elusive. Using 5-HT2A-selective β-arrestin-biased ligands, here the authors show that a threshold level of 5-HT2A-Gq efficacy and not β-arrestin recruitment is associated with psychedelic potential.
- Jason Wallach
- , Andrew B. Cao
- & John D. McCorvy
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Article
| Open AccessCovariance patterns between sleep health domains and distributed intrinsic functional connectivity
The relationship between sleep health and brain functional connectivity is not well understood. Here, the authors reveal a composite sleep health dimension which covaries with connectivity of the attentional and thalamic networks.
- Yulin Wang
- , Sarah Genon
- & Xu Lei
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Article
| Open AccessKetamine’s acute effects on negative brain states are mediated through distinct altered states of consciousness in humans
The neural mechanisms underlying ketamine-induced altered states of consciousness are not well understood. Here, the authors show that depersonalization and dissociative amnesia related to ketamine have opposing effects on the activity of the right anterior insula in response to social threat.
- Laura M. Hack
- , Xue Zhang
- & Leanne M. Williams
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Article
| Open AccessPrior information differentially affects discrimination decisions and subjective confidence reports
Both decisions and the confidence accompanying them are influenced not only by incoming information, but also prior expectations. Here, the authors show that confidence in decisions is affected by prior information more than the decisions themselves.
- Marika Constant
- , Michael Pereira
- & Elisa Filevich
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| Open AccessHierarchical fluctuation shapes a dynamic flow linked to states of consciousness
The neuroanatomical basis of consciousness is not fully understood. Here the authors show that a global state of consciousness might not depend on a specific brain region or location in Euclidean space; rather, it is linked to a low-dimensional dynamic pattern in topological space, as shown through the analysis of different experimental paradigms, imaging techniques, and species.
- Ang Li
- , Haiyang Liu
- & Bing Liu
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| Open AccessComplexity of cortical wave patterns of the wake mouse cortex
The cerebral cortex has ongoing electrical activities with rich and complex patterns in space and time. Here, the authors use optical voltage imaging in mice and computational methods, relating these complexities to different levels of wakefulness.
- Yuqi Liang
- , Junhao Liang
- & Changsong Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessDecreased but diverse activity of cortical and thalamic neurons in consciousness-impairing rodent absence seizures
Absence seizures impair consciousness by an unknown neuronal mechanism. Here, the authors find that a rat absence seizure model’s behavior and hemodynamics recapitulate previously reported characteristics of human absence seizures, and uncover four distinct patterns of neuronal activity in cortex and thalamus during consciousness-impairing seizures.
- Cian McCafferty
- , Benjamin F. Gruenbaum
- & Hal Blumenfeld
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| Open AccessFunctional geometry of the cortex encodes dimensions of consciousness
Dimensions of consciousness such as wakefulness or awareness are well established but have not been mapped to the brain. Here, the authors show that dimensions of consciousness are encoded in the functional geometry of the cortex.
- Zirui Huang
- , George A. Mashour
- & Anthony G. Hudetz
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| Open AccessHuman visual consciousness involves large scale cortical and subcortical networks independent of task report and eye movement activity
Isolating the neural mechanisms of consciousness is complicated by task report and other irrelevant signals. Here, the authors removed report and eye movement confounds to uncover large scale cortical-subcortical networks specific for human visual consciousness.
- Sharif I. Kronemer
- , Mark Aksen
- & Hal Blumenfeld
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| Open AccessIntrinsic brain dynamics in the Default Mode Network predict involuntary fluctuations of visual awareness
The default mode network (DMN) is known to be involved in consciousness. Here the authors show intrinsic EEG oscillations in default mode network can predict upcoming involuntarily perceptual transitions.
- Dian Lyu
- , Shruti Naik
- & Emmanuel A. Stamatakis
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Article
| Open AccessDynamic influences on static measures of metacognition
The authors show that current measures of metacognition are confounded with response caution, both in simulations and empirical data. They propose an alternative dynamic measure of metacognition.
- Kobe Desender
- , Luc Vermeylen
- & Tom Verguts
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| Open AccessDecoding internally generated transitions of conscious contents in the prefrontal cortex without subjective reports
The role of the prefrontal cortex in conscious perception is debated because of its involvement in task relevant behaviour, such as subjective perceptual reports. Here, the authors show that prefrontal activity in rhesus macaques correlates with subjective perception and the contents of consciousness can be decoded from prefrontal population activity even without reports.
- Vishal Kapoor
- , Abhilash Dwarakanath
- & Nikos K. Logothetis
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Article
| Open AccessPredicting lapses of attention with sleep-like slow waves
Attentional lapses occur in many forms such as mind-wandering or mindblanking. Here the authors show different types of attentional lapse are accompanied by slow waves, neural activity that is characteristic of transitions into sleep.
- Thomas Andrillon
- , Angus Burns
- & Naotsugu Tsuchiya
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| Open AccessEvidence accumulation relates to perceptual consciousness and monitoring
Humans consciously experience their surrounding environment and can reflect upon it. Here, the authors use single-neuron recordings, electroencephalographic recordings, and computational methods to show that both conscious experience and self-reflection are related to a common mechanism of evidence accumulation in the posterior parietal cortex.
- Michael Pereira
- , Pierre Megevand
- & Nathan Faivre
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| Open AccessCortical and subcortical signatures of conscious object recognition
Cortical and subcortical neural activity supporting conscious object recognition has not yet been well defined. Here, the authors describe these networks and show recognition-related category information can be decoded from widespread cortical activity but not subcortical activity.
- Max Levinson
- , Ella Podvalny
- & Biyu J. He
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Article
| Open AccessPrimate ventral striatum maintains neural representations of the value of previously rewarded objects for habitual seeking
Ventral striatum is known to be involved in the value update for habit learning. Here, the authors report neural and behavioural correlates for the long-term maintenance of value memory for previously rewarded objects in the ventral striatum of humans and monkeys.
- Joonyoung Kang
- , Hyeji Kim
- & Hyoung F. Kim
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Article
| Open AccessPrediction of stimulus-independent and task-unrelated thought from functional brain networks
People spend much of their daily lives thinking about things that are unrelated to their immediate environment. Using fMRI, Kucyi et al. show that occurrence of these “stimulus-independent” thoughts can be predicted from a complex pattern of coordinated activity between distinct parts of the brain.
- Aaron Kucyi
- , Michael Esterman
- & Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
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| Open AccessUnconscious reinforcement learning of hidden brain states supported by confidence
Humans can unconsciously learn to gamble on rewarding options, but can they do so when it comes to their own mental states? Here, the authors show that participants can learn to use unconscious representations in their own brains to earn rewards, and that metacognition correlates with their learning processes.
- Aurelio Cortese
- , Hakwan Lau
- & Mitsuo Kawato
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| Open AccessTask-induced attention load guides and gates unconscious semantic interference
Conscious task load modulates the unconscious processing of semantic interference between an invisible prime and a visible target in a double-Stroop paradigm, providing evidence that high-level unconscious processing requires attention.
- Shao-Min Hung
- , Daw-An Wu
- & Shinsuke Shimojo
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| Open AccessFast temporal dynamics and causal relevance of face processing in the human temporal cortex
Neuronal populations in the temporal cortex fire show increased activity in response to face stimuli. Here, the authors show using human intracranial recordings that face perception involves anatomically discrete but temporally distributed response profiles in the human ventral temporal cortex.
- Jessica Schrouff
- , Omri Raccah
- & Josef Parvizi
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| Open AccessConsciousness-specific dynamic interactions of brain integration and functional diversity
How do diversity (entropy) and integration of activity across brain regions interact to support consciousness? Here the authors show that anaesthetised individuals and patients with disorders of consciousness exhibit overlapping reductions in both diversity and integration in the brain’s default mode network.
- Andrea I. Luppi
- , Michael M. Craig
- & Emmanuel A. Stamatakis
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Article
| Open AccessA Bayesian psychophysics model of sense of agency
Sense of agency (SoA) refers to the experience that one's own actions caused an external event. Here, the authors present a model of SoA in terms of optimal Bayesian cue integration taking into account reliability of action and outcome sensory signals and judging if the action caused the outcome.
- Roberto Legaspi
- & Taro Toyoizumi
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| Open AccessConscious perception of natural images is constrained by category-related visual features
Visual objects from similar semantic categories present activity patterns that cluster together in higher visual areas. The authors show that conscious access differs between semantic categories and is driven by category-related visual features commonly associated with processing in higher level visual areas.
- Daniel Lindh
- , Ilja G. Sligte
- & Ian Charest
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Article
| Open AccessNREM sleep in the rodent neocortex and hippocampus reflects excitable dynamics
NREM sleep in rodents is characterized by internal dynamics in the form of UP/DOWN states in the neocortex and SWRs in the hippocampus. Here, the authors report that a mean field model with excitable dynamics captures the transition probabilities between these states from rodent sleep data.
- Daniel Levenstein
- , György Buzsáki
- & John Rinzel
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| Open AccessSmooth tracking of visual targets distinguishes lucid REM sleep dreaming and waking perception from imagination
When tracking a moving object, our eyes make smooth pursuit movements; however, tracking an imaginary object produces jerky saccadic eye movements. Here, the authors show that during lucid dreams, the eyes smoothly follow dreamed objects. In this respect, dream imagery is more similar to perception than imagination.
- Stephen LaBerge
- , Benjamin Baird
- & Philip G. Zimbardo
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Article
| Open AccessHuman single neuron activity precedes emergence of conscious perception
The neuronal basis of spontaneous changes in conscious experience is unclear. Here, authors report nonselective medial frontal activity starting two seconds before a spontaneous change in visual perception, followed by selective medial temporal lobe activity, one second before the change.
- Hagar Gelbard-Sagiv
- , Liad Mudrik
- & Itzhak Fried
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Article
| Open AccessDiscrete and continuous mechanisms of temporal selection in rapid visual streams
Humans can identify a target picture even when presented within a rapid stream of stimuli. Here the authors report that the neural activity initially supports parallel processing of multiple stimuli around the target in ventral visual areas followed later by isolated activation of reported images in parietal areas.
- Sébastien Marti
- & Stanislas Dehaene
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Article
| Open AccessNeuronal baseline shifts underlying boundary setting during free recall
Though people are easily able to recall items in a category without mentioning a wrong exemplar, the mechanism underlying this ability is unknown. Here, authors use intracranial recordings to show that this ability is likely due to a selective increase in baseline neuronal activity in category-specific regions.
- Yitzhak Norman
- , Erin M. Yeagle
- & Rafael Malach
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| Open AccessMultivoxel neurofeedback selectively modulates confidence without changing perceptual performance
Confidence associated with perceptual judgements is generally seen as directly reflecting the reliability of perceptual processes. Here the authors use fMRI-based decoded neurofeedback to manipulate confidence and show that it does not affect perceptual performance.
- Aurelio Cortese
- , Kaoru Amano
- & Hakwan Lau