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| Open AccessSurvival of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon knockout fragments in the interstellar medium
Ion storage rings allow reactions to be studied over orders of magnitude in time, bridging the gap between typical experimental and astronomical timescales. Here the authors observe that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fragments produced upon collision with He atoms at velocities typical of stellar winds and supernova shockwaves remain intact up to second timescales, thus may play an important role in interstellar chemistry.
- Michael Gatchell
- , João Ameixa
- & Henning Zettergren
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Article
| Open AccessStrong-field coherent control of isolated attosecond pulse generation
Attosecond pulse generation needs improvements both in terms of tunability and photon flux for next level attosecond experiments. Here the authors show how to control the HHG emission and its spectral-temporal characteristics by driving the IAP generation with synthesized sub-cycle optical pulses.
- Yudong Yang
- , Roland E. Mainz
- & Franz X. Kärtner
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Article
| Open AccessSympathetic cooling of positrons to cryogenic temperatures for antihydrogen production
Positrons are key to the production of cold antihydrogen. Here the authors report the sympathetic cooling of positrons by interacting them with laser-cooled Be+ ions resulting in a three-fold reduction of the temperature of positrons for antihydrogen synthesis.
- C. J. Baker
- , W. Bertsche
- & J. S. Wurtele
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Article
| Open AccessTime-resolved relaxation and fragmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons investigated in the ultrafast XUV-IR regime
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons play an important role in interstellar chemistry, where interaction with high energy photons can induce ionization and fragmentation reactions. Here the authors, with XUV-IR pump-probe experiments, investigate the ultrafast photoinduced dynamics of fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene, providing insight into their preferred reaction channels.
- J. W. L. Lee
- , D. S. Tikhonov
- & M. Schnell
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| Open AccessDynamical symmetry indicators for Floquet crystals
A general theory for Floquet topology applicable to all crystalline symmetry groups is lacking. Here, the authors propose such a theory for noninteracting Floquet crystals and predict an inversion-protected Floquet higher-order topological phase with anomalous chiral hinge modes.
- Jiabin Yu
- , Rui-Xing Zhang
- & Zhi-Da Song
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Article
| Open AccessModified Bose-Einstein condensation in an optical quantum gas
Non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates exist in different systems like polaritons, photons. Here the authors demonstrate photonic BECs in an excited or a non-equilibrium state and explore the flow of the photons coupled to the interferometer in order to minimize the loss.
- Mario Vretenar
- , Chris Toebes
- & Jan Klaers
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Article
| Open AccessQuantum state tomography of molecules by ultrafast diffraction
Ultrafast diffraction is fundamental in capturing the structural dynamics of molecules. Here, the authors establish a variant of quantum state tomography for arbitrary degrees of freedom to characterize the molecular quantum states, which will enable the reconstruction of a quantum molecular movie from diffraction data.
- Ming Zhang
- , Shuqiao Zhang
- & Zheng Li
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Article
| Open AccessObserving non-ergodicity due to kinetic constraints in tilted Fermi-Hubbard chains
It was predicted that complex thermalizing behaviour can arise in many-body systems in the absence of disorder. Here, the authors observe non-ergodic dynamics in a tilted optical lattice that is distinct from previously studied regimes, and propose a microscopic mechanism that is due to emergent kinetic constrains.
- Sebastian Scherg
- , Thomas Kohlert
- & Monika Aidelsburger
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Article
| Open AccessControlled multi-photon subtraction with cascaded Rydberg superatoms as single-photon absorbers
Interaction of photons with Rydberg atoms can be used to modify quantum states of light. Here the authors demonstrate a controlled nonlinear quantum behavior of multi-photon subtraction in a cascaded system based on Rydberg superatoms.
- Nina Stiesdal
- , Hannes Busche
- & Sebastian Hofferberth
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of laser-assisted electron scattering in superfluid helium
Laser-assisted electron scattering (LAES) is a commonly observed strong field process in gas phase systems. Here the authors use helium droplets with core atoms and molecules to observe increased electron energy due to multiple LAES events within the droplets.
- Leonhard Treiber
- , Bernhard Thaler
- & Markus Koch
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Article
| Open AccessUltrafast imaging of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a photoionized molecular system
The Jahn-Teller effect is the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the molecular structure caused by the coupling of electrons and nuclei. Here the authors use ultrafast Coulomb explosion imaging to map the evolution of the fundamental symmetry lowering process in photoionized methane within around 20fs.
- Min Li
- , Ming Zhang
- & Peixiang Lu
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Article
| Open AccessFast-field-cycling ultralow-field nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion
Nuclear spin polarization and relaxation can be studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Here the authors demonstrate a combination of fast-field cycling and optical magnetometry techniques, to realize a NMR sensor that operates in the region of very low frequency and high relaxation rate.
- Sven Bodenstedt
- , Morgan W. Mitchell
- & Michael C. D. Tayler
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Article
| Open AccessEnantio-sensitive unidirectional light bending
Developing new methods for structuring light’s chirality in space would be advantageous for various next-generation applications. Here, the authors report enantio-sensitive unidirectional light bending by interacting light with isotropic chiral media.
- David Ayuso
- , Andres F. Ordonez
- & Olga Smirnova
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Article
| Open AccessDiffusive-like redistribution in state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms
Here, the authors discuss state-changing inelastic collisions between rubidium Rydberg and ground state atoms. They employ high-resolution magneto-optical trap recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy to measure the distribution of the final states.
- Philipp Geppert
- , Max Althön
- & Herwig Ott
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Article
| Open AccessCorrelator convolutional neural networks as an interpretable architecture for image-like quantum matter data
Physical principles underlying machine learning analysis of quantum gas microscopy data are not well understood. Here the authors develop a neural network based approach to classify image data in terms of multi-site correlation functions and reveal the role of fourth-order correlations in the Fermi-Hubbard model.
- Cole Miles
- , Annabelle Bohrdt
- & Eun-Ah Kim
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Article
| Open AccessAnomalous formation of trihydrogen cations from water on nanoparticles
The H3+ ion plays a key role in interstellar chemistry and can be formed from organic compounds upon interaction with charged particles or radiation. Here the authors demonstrate that H3+ can also be formed from water adsorbed on silica nanoparticles exposed to intense laser pulses, conditions that mimic the impact of charged particles on dust in astrophysical settings.
- M. Said Alghabra
- , Rami Ali
- & Ali S. Alnaser
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Article
| Open AccessRoom-temperature single-photon source with near-millisecond built-in memory
Room-temperature single photon sources with memory capabilities are promising for quantum information processing, but are currently limited in their memory time or photon purity. Here, the authors report single photon emission with good antibunching from an atomic vapour cell source with 0.68 ms memory time.
- Karsten B. Dideriksen
- , Rebecca Schmieg
- & Eugene S. Polzik
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Article
| Open AccessAttosecond intra-valence band dynamics and resonant-photoemission delays in W(110)
Accessing intraband dynamics is challenging due to simultaneous requirements on energy, momentum and time resolution. Here, the authors measure intraband delays between sp- and d-band electronic states in the valence band photoemission from W(110) using intracavity generated attosecond pulse trains.
- S. Heinrich
- , T. Saule
- & U. Kleineberg
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Article
| Open AccessPhoton bubble turbulence in cold atom gases
Photon bubble turbulence is an astrophysical phenomenon involving radiation transport. Here, the authors report analogous behavior in ultracold gas by observing signatures of photon bubble instabilities in Rb atoms trapped in a MOT.
- R. Giampaoli
- , João D. Rodrigues
- & J. T. Mendonça
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Article
| Open AccessUnravelling the electron injection/transport mechanism in organic light-emitting diodes
Understanding the role electron injection and transport in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) is critical for optimizing device performance. Here, the authors elucidate the electron injection/transport mechanism in OLEDs and identify the cathode/emissive layer energy barrier as the key factor.
- Tsubasa Sasaki
- , Munehiro Hasegawa
- & Hirohiko Fukagawa
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Article
| Open AccessTwin-lattice atom interferometry
Atom interferometers can be useful for precision measurement of fundamental constants and sensors of different type. Here the authors demonstrate a compact twin-lattice atom interferometry exploiting Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of 87 Rb atoms.
- Martina Gebbe
- , Jan-Niclas Siemß
- & Ernst M. Rasel
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Article
| Open AccessPrecisely spun super rotors
Optical pulses can be useful to create and control molecules in higher quantum states. Here the authors use optical pumping to create rotationally excited states of SiO+ molecular ion into super rotor ensemble.
- Ivan O. Antonov
- , Patrick R. Stollenwerk
- & Brian C. Odom
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Article
| Open AccessA quantum heat engine driven by atomic collisions
Designing reliable nanoscale quantum-heat engines achieving high efficiency, high power and high stability is of fundamental and practical interest. Here, the authors report the realization of such a quantum machine using individual neutral Cs atoms in an atomic Rb bath, in which quantized heat exchange via inelastic spin-exchange collisions is controlled at the level of single quanta.
- Quentin Bouton
- , Jens Nettersheim
- & Artur Widera
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Article
| Open AccessHeuristic machinery for thermodynamic studies of SU(N) fermions with neural networks
The detection of the effects of spin symmetry in momentum distribution of an SU(N)-symmetric Fermi gas has remained challenging. Here, the authors use supervised machine learning to connect the spin multiplicity to thermodynamic quantities associated with different parts of the momentum distribution.
- Entong Zhao
- , Jeongwon Lee
- & Gyu-Boong Jo
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Article
| Open AccessAngular dependence of the Wigner time delay upon tunnel ionization of H2
Light-matter interaction leading to photoelectron emission via the photoelectric effect illustrates the quantum nature of light. Here, the authors report the dependence of the photoelectron’s Wigner time delay on the photoelectron’s emission direction relative to the molecular axis of hydrogen in strong field tunnel-ionization.
- D. Trabert
- , S. Brennecke
- & S. Eckart
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Article
| Open AccessUltrafast multi-cycle terahertz measurements of the electrical conductivity in strongly excited solids
The electrical conductivity is critical to understand warm dense matter, but the accurate measurement is extremely challenging. Here the authors use multi-cycle THz pulses to measure the conductivity of gold foils strongly heated by free-electron laser, determining the individual contributions of electron-electron and electron-ion scattering.
- Z. Chen
- , C. B. Curry
- & S. H. Glenzer
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Article
| Open AccessEvolution and universality of two-stage Kondo effect in single manganese phthalocyanine molecule transistors
The Kondo effect can serve as a powerful paradigm to understand strongly correlated many-body processes in physics. Here, Guo et al. utilize single molecule transistor devices as a testbed to study multi-level Kondo correlation and show electrical gate evolution and the universality of the two-stage Kondo effect.
- Xiao Guo
- , Qiuhao Zhu
- & Wenjie Liang
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Article
| Open AccessMolecular structure retrieval directly from laboratory-frame photoelectron spectra in laser-induced electron diffraction
Optical methods utilizing ultrashort laser pulses are commonly used to probe structure and dynamics of atoms and molecules. Here the authors report a method which uses critical points and is capable of extracting molecular structure with picometer spatial and attosecond temporal resolution.
- A. Sanchez
- , K. Amini
- & J. Biegert
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Article
| Open AccessLarge optical nonlinearity enhancement under electronic strong coupling
Nonlinear optical response of the material plays a crucial role in light-matter interactions and is important for practical applications. Here, the authors report enhancement of optical nonlinearity of J-aggregate cyanine molecules due to strong coupling between the molecules and an optical cavity.
- Kuidong Wang
- , Marcus Seidel
- & Thomas Ebbesen
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Article
| Open AccessUltracold atom interferometry in space
Conducting atom-optical experiments in space is interesting for fundamental physics and challenging due to different environment compared to ground. Here the authors report matter-wave interferometry in space using atomic BECs in a sounding rocket.
- Maike D. Lachmann
- , Holger Ahlers
- & Ernst M. Rasel
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of a quantum phase transition in the quantum Rabi model with a single trapped ion
Quantum phase transition occurs in many-body systems with abrupt changes in the ground state around zero temperature. Here the authors report signatures of quantum phase transition in single trapped ion that can be described using quantum Rabi model.
- M.-L. Cai
- , Z.-D. Liu
- & L.-M. Duan
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Article
| Open AccessTan’s two-body contact across the superfluid transition of a planar Bose gas
Here the authors use Ramsey interferometry to study Tan’s contact in uniform two-dimensional Bose gas of 87Rb atoms across the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless superfluid transition. They find that the two-body contact is continuous across the critical point.
- Y.-Q. Zou
- , B. Bakkali-Hassani
- & J. Beugnon
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Article
| Open AccessCoherent characterisation of a single molecule in a photonic black box
The authors develop a method to measure the coupling between a single photon source and any arbitrary photonic structure having constant density of electromagnetic states over the linewidth of the emitter. They demonstrate this method by an experiment on a single molecule coupled to an interrupted nanophotonic waveguide.
- Sebastien Boissier
- , Ross C. Schofield
- & Alex S. Clark
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Article
| Open AccessUltrafast electron cooling in an expanding ultracold plasma
Here the authors report on the creation of ultracold plasma by photoionization of a Bose-Einstein condensate with a femtosecond laser pulse. The experimental setup grants direct access to the electron temperature and reveals ultrafast cooling of electrons in an initially strongly coupled plasma.
- Tobias Kroker
- , Mario Großmann
- & Juliette Simonet
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Article
| Open AccessDynamical strengthening of covalent and non-covalent molecular interactions by nuclear quantum effects at finite temperature
The inclusion of nuclear quantum effects (NQE) in atomistic simulations of chemical systems is of key importance. Here the authors use machine learned force fields trained on coupled cluster reference data to show the dynamical strengthening of covalent and non-covalent molecular interactions induced by NQE.
- Huziel E. Sauceda
- , Valentin Vassilev-Galindo
- & Alexandre Tkatchenko
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Article
| Open AccessKibble-Zurek exponent and chiral transition of the period-4 phase of Rydberg chains
Phase transition occurring in quantum material is an intriguing phenomenon. Here, the authors discuss the commensurate-incommensurate phase transition out of the period-4 phase on a chain of Rydberg atoms and emphasize the emergence of a chiral transition.
- Natalia Chepiga
- & Frédéric Mila
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Article
| Open AccessExcited-state vibration-polariton transitions and dynamics in nitroprusside
Here the authors report spectroscopy and dynamics of cavity coupled NO band of sodium nitroprusside using 2D infrared and transient spectroscopy employing pump-probe technique. They find signatures of third-order nonlinearity, incoherent and strong coupling effects of vibrational polaritons.
- Andrea B. Grafton
- , Adam D. Dunkelberger
- & Jeffrey C. Owrutsky
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Article
| Open AccessSingle ion qubit with estimated coherence time exceeding one hour
Extending qubit coherence times represent one of the key challenges for quantum technologies. Here, after properly suppressing magnetic-field fluctuations, frequency instability and leakage of the microwave reference-oscillator, the authors infer coherence times of 5500 s for an Yb ion qubit.
- Pengfei Wang
- , Chun-Yang Luan
- & Kihwan Kim
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Article
| Open AccessEpidemic growth and Griffiths effects on an emergent network of excited atoms
The emergent excitation dynamics of an ultracold gas of Rydberg atoms exhibits features analogous to epidemic spreading on networks. Wintermantel et al. propose a controllable experimental system for studying network dynamics at the interface of mathematical models and real-world complex systems.
- T. M. Wintermantel
- , M. Buchhold
- & S. Whitlock
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Article
| Open AccessSplit-pulse X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy with seeded X-rays from X-ray laser to study atomic-level dynamics
Here the authors study atomic scale dynamics in water by using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. They use a split-and-delay optics with self-seeding of X-rays to generate pulses of enough energy and controlled time delay between two X-ray pulses.
- Yuya Shinohara
- , Taito Osaka
- & Takeshi Egami
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Article
| Open AccessProspects and challenges for squeezing-enhanced optical atomic clocks
Optical atomic clocks are useful tools for frequency metrology. Here the authors explore the stability of the atomic clocks and the role of the spin squeezed states for the noise reduction in these clocks.
- Marius Schulte
- , Christian Lisdat
- & Klemens Hammerer
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Article
| Open AccessNon-Abelian Bloch oscillations in higher-order topological insulators
Bloch oscillations (BO) are intrinsically related to the geometry and topological properties of the underlying band structure. Here, Di Liberto et al. predict a unique topological effect manifested in the BOs of higher-order topological insulators through the interplay of non-Abelian Berry curvature and quantized Wilson loops.
- M. Di Liberto
- , N. Goldman
- & G. Palumbo
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Article
| Open AccessA possible route towards dissipation-protected qubits using a multidimensional dark space and its symmetries
To design and manipulate qubits, it is necessary to engineer multidimensional non-equilibrium steady states immune to decoherence in an open system. Here the authors devise a symmetry-based framework to create such non-equilibrium steady states showing characteristics of degenerate vacua of a unitary topological system.
- Raul A. Santos
- , Fernando Iemini
- & Yuval Gefen
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of nanoscale opto-mechanical molecular damping as the origin of spectroscopic contrast in photo induced force microscopy
Existing high-dimensional optical imaging techniques that record space and polarization cannot detect the photon’s time of arrival due to the limited speeds of electronic sensors. Here, the authors develop a single-shot ultrafast imaging modality to record light-speed high-dimensional events with picosecond resolution.
- Mohammad A. Almajhadi
- , Syed Mohammad Ashab Uddin
- & H. Kumar Wickramasinghe
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Article
| Open AccessRetrodiction beyond the Heisenberg uncertainty relation
If we have access to information about a quantum system both before and after a measurement, we are not in the usual remit of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle anymore. Here, the authors demonstrate that, in such a scenario, one can retrodict position and momentum measurements without being limited by HUR.
- Han Bao
- , Shenchao Jin
- & Yanhong Xiao
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Article
| Open AccessElectron tunneling at the molecularly thin 2D perovskite and graphene van der Waals interface
Insulating molecular layers on the basal plane of 2D perovskite is a major bottleneck for charge injection that limiting device performance. Here, the authors show that plane-contacted graphene functions as a low barrier and gate-tunable contact to overcome this limitation.
- Kai Leng
- , Lin Wang
- & Kian Ping Loh
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Article
| Open AccessLarge array of Schrödinger cat states facilitated by an optical waveguide
Light-atom interactions allow exotic atomic states that could enable quantum applications for communication or metrology. Here, the authors load a large 1D array of atoms in a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre, each one prepared in an entangled state of its electronic and motional states.
- Wui Seng Leong
- , Mingjie Xin
- & Shau-Yu Lan
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Article
| Open AccessAttosecond electron–spin dynamics in Xe 4d photoionization
Here the authors report experiment and theory study of the photoionization of xenon inner shell 4d electron using attosecond pulses. They have identified two ionization paths - one corresponding to broad giant dipole resonance with short decay time and the other involving spin-flip transitions.
- Shiyang Zhong
- , Jimmy Vinbladh
- & Anne L’Huillier
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Article
| Open AccessIdentification of molecular quantum states using phase-sensitive forces
The identification of molecular quantum states becomes challenging with increasing complexity of the molecular level structure. Here, the authors non-destructively identified excited molecular states of the \({{\rm{N}}}_{2}^{+}\) by interfering forces applied to both the molecular ion and to a co-trapped atomic ion.
- Kaveh Najafian
- , Ziv Meir
- & Stefan Willitsch