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| Open AccessLDLR is used as a cell entry receptor by multiple alphaviruses
Getah virus (GETV), is a mosquito-borne alphavirus of importance in veterinary medicine. Here, the authors show that evolutionarily conserved low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) functions as a receptor for GETV, which may explain the multi-species spread of this virus.
- Xiaofeng Zhai
- , Xiaoling Li
- & Shuo Su
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Article
| Open AccessThe low-density lipoprotein receptor promotes infection of multiple encephalitic alphaviruses
Ma et al. identify LDLR as an entry receptor for Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and other alphaviruses. Soluble decoy proteins with multiple LA domain 3 repeats of LDLR inhibit EEEV infection in cell culture and mice.
- Hongming Ma
- , Lucas J. Adams
- & Michael S. Diamond
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Article
| Open AccessFHL1 promotes chikungunya and o’nyong-nyong virus infection and pathogenesis with implications for alphavirus vaccine design
FHL1A is a crucial host factor for alphavirus infection but its impact on pathogenesis is unclear. Here, the authors use a FHL1−/− knockout mouse model to show that the FHL1 splice variant impacts arthritis and myositis after chikungunya or o’nyong-nyong infections but not Ross River or mayaro virus infection.
- Wern Hann Ng
- , Xiang Liu
- & Suresh Mahalingam
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Article
| Open AccessMAVS signaling is required for preventing persistent chikungunya heart infection and chronic vascular tissue inflammation
Mosquito-borne viruses are serious global public health threats associated with severe atypical cardiovascular manifestations. Here, the authors dissect how chikungunya virus directly infects cardiac tissue leading to heart disease and define key host pathways involved in viral cardiac persistence and tissue damage.
- Maria G. Noval
- , Sophie N. Spector
- & Kenneth A. Stapleford
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Article
| Open AccessEvolution and activation mechanism of the flavivirus class II membrane-fusion machinery
The mechanism of flavivirus activation for membrane fusion is not yet understood. Here, Vaney et al. describe how the viral pr protein, derived from an HSP40/DnaJ chaperonin, interacts with a pH sensing loop in the envelope protein E for fusogenic activation.
- Marie-Christine Vaney
- , Mariano Dellarole
- & Félix A. Rey
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Article
| Open AccessA single dose of ChAdOx1 Chik vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against four chikungunya virus lineages in a phase 1 clinical trial
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging mosquito-borne virus that has caused outbreaks in various regions of the world. Here the authors present safety and immunogenicity data from a phase 1 trial with the simian adenovirus vectored vaccine ChAdOx1 Chik, showing induction of neutralizing antibodies to four CHIKV lineages.
- Pedro M. Folegatti
- , Kate Harrison
- & Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
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Article
| Open AccessCryo-EM structure of the mature and infective Mayaro virus at 4.4 Å resolution reveals features of arthritogenic alphaviruses
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus in Central and South America that is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes arthritogenic disease. Here, the authors present the 4.4 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of MAYV and describe specific features of the virus, which could be exploited for the design of MAYV-specific diagnostics and therapeutics.
- Helder V. Ribeiro-Filho
- , Lais D. Coimbra
- & Rafael Elias Marques
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Article
| Open AccessMultiple capsid protein binding sites mediate selective packaging of the alphavirus genomic RNA
Alphaviruses need to selectively package genomic viral RNA for transmission, but the packaging mechanism remains unclear. Here, Brown et al. combine PAR-CLIP with biotinylated capsid protein (Cp) retrieval and identify multiple Cp binding sites on genomic viral RNA that promote virion formation.
- Rebecca S. Brown
- , Dimitrios G. Anastasakis
- & Margaret Kielian
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Article
| Open AccessImplication for alphavirus host-cell entry and assembly indicated by a 3.5Å resolution cryo-EM structure
Alphaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that contain several human pathogens. Here, the authors use block-based reconstruction method and provide a 3.5 Å cryo-EM structure of sindbis virus that identifies a conserved hydrophobic pocket near the viral membrane that is stabilized by an unknown pocket factor.
- Lihong Chen
- , Ming Wang
- & Xinzheng Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessA vaccinia-based single vector construct multi-pathogen vaccine protects against both Zika and chikungunya viruses
Zika and chikungunya virus are co-circulating in many regions and currently there is no approved vaccine for either virus. Here, the authors engineer one vaccinia virus based vaccine for both, Zika and chikungunya, and show protection from infection and pathogenesis in mice.
- Natalie A. Prow
- , Liang Liu
- & Andreas Suhrbier
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Article
| Open AccessImpact of simultaneous exposure to arboviruses on infection and transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Several mosquito-transmitted viruses cocirculate in the Americas, but the potential for co-transmission is unknown. Here, Rückertet al. show that Aedes aegyptimosquitos have the potential to co-transmit chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses and that coinfection does not overall affect dissemination or transmission rates.
- Claudia Rückert
- , James Weger-Lucarelli
- & Gregory D. Ebel