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Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets with a nucleoside analogue (MK-4482/EIDD-2801) reduced the viral load in the upper respiratory tract and suppressed the spread of the virus to untreated ferrets. Therapeutic administration of MK-4482/EIDD-2801 may have the potential to break SARS-CoV-2 transmission chains.
COVID-19-convalescent individuals maintain a strong neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 that has cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Neutralizing antibody titres depend on the severity of the disease and are positively correlated with the frequency of CXCR3+ T follicular helper cells and lymphocyte counts.
In this study, the authors use a transcriptional regulator-induced phenotype screen coupled with network analysis to characterize adaptations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the first-line anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid. They identify the transcriptional factor mce3R and the CtpD effector to have a role in Mycobacterium susceptibility to isoniazid.
β-barrel outer-membrane proteins are covalently attached to peptidoglycan in Gram-negative bacteria including Coxiella burnetii, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Legionella pneumophila.
In α-proteobacteria, such as Brucella and Agrobacterium, the outer membrane is attached to the peptidoglycan by covalent cross-links between β-barrel-shaped proteins and peptidoglycan.
Spermine facilitates mucilage production and rice cell invasion by mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the developing Magnaporthe oryzae appressorium.
This study reports an improved poly(A)-independent single-cell RNA-sequencing protocol to capture growth-dependent gene expression patterns in individual Salmonella and Pseudomonas bacteria.
Subinhibitory levels of sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic used to treat Escherichia coli infections, trigger a previously undescribed metabolic pathway in E. coli that comprises a family of hybrid pterin–phenylpyruvate conjugates called colipterins. These metabolites are antioxidants, have immunomodulatory properties and improve colitis in a murine model.
Here, the authors identify lymphocyte antigen 6E (LY6E) as a coronavirus (CoV) restriction factor that prevents infection of B cells and dendritic cells. LY6E inhibits both human and mouse CoV entry into cells by interfering with viral spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. It facilitates an antiviral immune response that prevents liver disease and reduces death in the mouse model of MHV-A59 CoV infection.
A microbiome genome-wide association study using three large European cohorts identified several significant study-wide and genome-wide correlations between human genetic variants and microbial traits, and used Mendelian randomization to estimate causal relationships between microbial traits and disease.
HIV-1 reverse transcription is found to be completed in the nucleus of the cell using an HIV-1 nuclear import kinetic assay that takes advantage of a nuclear import blockade method to monitor the kinetics of HIV-1 entry and infection.
This study describes the development of prokaryotic expression profiling by tagging RNA in situ and sequencing (PETRI-seq)—a high-throughput prokaryotic scRNA-seq method capable of sequencing tens of thousands of cells in a single experiment.
Here, the authors report the discovery of prophages in cultured SAR11 and show that lysogenic SAR11 produce virions by prophage induction of up to 2.3% of infected cells under carbon-replete growth conditions and up to 30.6% of infected cells under carbon-deplete conditions.
A model using data from culturing Escherichia coli in 32 different growth media sheds light on the relationship between bacterial cell growth and the cell cycle.