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A software tool, emClarity, implements several improvements in cryo-electron tomography image-processing algorithms to achieve sub-nanometer resolution for diverse macromolecular structures.
The combination of transparency, small brain size and genetic access positions Danionella translucida as a promising model organism for functional imaging of neuronal circuits, especially during complex behaviors in adults.
Guide Swap challenges the hypothesis that Cas9–sgRNA binding is irreversible. The authors find that instead, nontargeting sgRNAs are swapped for targeting sgRNAs in the Cas9 complex. The method allows genome-scale functional screens in primary cells
The synOptopatch approach enables all-optical access to synaptic communication via mutually exclusive expression of an optogenetic actuator and a voltage sensor in pre- and postsynaptic neurons, respectively.
A charge-integrating pixel-array detector called JUNGFRAU enables the collection of highly accurate X-ray crystallography data at synchrotron sources at unprecedented speeds.
LFADS, a deep learning method for analyzing neural population activity, can extract neural dynamics from single-trial recordings, stitch separate datasets into a single model, and infer perturbations, for example, from behavioral choices to these dynamics.
REVOLVER uses transfer learning on multi-region tumor sequencing data to jointly infer tumor evolution models in multiple individuals and to detect repeated evolutionary trajectories. Repeated evolution can be used to stratify the cohort.
This paper describes modifications to standard culture conditions that permit the growth of naive human pluripotent stem cells with reduced genomic instability.
Spinal cord neural stem cells are generated from human pluripotent stem cells via a chemically defined, xeno-free method, and exhibit efficient and functional engraftment in rat spinal cord lesions.
Humanized mouse models are useful for studies of human hematopoiesis and immunity. Li et al. report an improved model that harbors lymph nodes and therefore permits investigation of local human adaptive immune processes in secondary lymphoid tissue.
A method for generating cortical spheroids from human pluripotent stem cells produces maturing oligodendrocytes that can myelinate axons and model myelin disease and drug effects.
Cerebral organoids are developed into in vitro models of human brain cancer by CRISPR–Cas9- and/or transposon-mediated introduction of oncogenic mutations.
The fusion of dead Cas9 with KRAB and the transcriptional repressor domain of the chromatin modifier MeCP2 leads to an efficient transcriptional silencer that can be applied to genome-scale screens and genetic circuits.
Flood-filling networks are a deep-learning-based pipeline for reconstruction of neurons from electron microscopy datasets. The approach results in exceptionally low error rates, thereby reducing the need for extensive human proofreading.