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Evaluation of a clinical summarization method based on GPT-4 suggests that such models might reduce the documentation burden on clinicians — but prospective evaluation with high-priority tasks will be the true test of its potential.
The implementation of PCR tests of pooled saliva samples for universal screening of congenital cytomegalovirus infection was assessed in 15,805 neonates over 13 months. This extensive analysis revealed the high feasibility and empirical efficiency of the pooled testing approach, which had a clinically insignificant loss of sensitivity.
Clinical disease trajectories that describe neuropsychiatric symptoms were identified using natural language processing for 3,042 brain donors diagnosed with various neurodegenerative disorders. Trajectories revealed distinct temporal patterns that result in the identification of new clinical subtypes, and a subset of misdiagnosed donors.
Telehealth provision of medication abortion is safe and effective, but ensuring equitable access is challenging in the USA — and further compounded by an upcoming Supreme Court case.
Chronic pain is common, with more than one in five adult Americans reporting having pain daily or on most days. A multi-ancestry genomic analysis in 598,339 military veterans in the USA identifies 125 genetic variants associated with pain intensity, highlights shared genetic risk with substance use and psychiatric disorders, and reveals enrichment in GABAergic neurons as a key molecular contributor to experiencing pain.
Acute kidney injury affects one in five hospitalized patients and can lead to lasting kidney damage or death. We show that clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential — a common age-related condition caused by blood cell mutations — increases the risk of acute kidney injury in multiple cohorts of human patients and in mouse models.
After many lean years, important progress has been made in updating the anti-tuberculosis drug armamentarium; a new drug that targets bacterial protein synthesis is one of several that could help transform the treatment of this neglected and deadly disease.
Self-care interventions have the potential to improve health coverage for women while offering greater agency and autonomy, but only if certain barriers—such as stigma and cost—can be overcome.
Primary fetal organoids are currently derived from tissue samples obtained at termination of pregnancy. We developed an approach that enables prenatal derivation of epithelial organoids from fetal fluids. Single-cell mapping of the human amniotic fluid content unveiled the presence of viable fetal epithelial progenitors of multiple tissues that can form fetal lung, kidney and intestinal organoids.
In a difference-in-differences analysis among Medicare beneficiaries in the USA, billion-dollar weather disasters were associated with higher rates of emergency department visits and deaths in the weeks after the disaster. Observed changes were more pronounced among counties that experienced the most loss and damage compared to all affected counties.
Patient-reported outcomes are invaluable tools, but may impose a burden on patients; this consensus statement provides a set of 19 recommendations to reduce respondent burden.
A new study shows the benefits of treating anxiety to prevent postnatal depression — and highlights the need for more pragmatic research to simplify treatment packages, address other comorbid symptoms, and deliver effective perinatal mental health care at scale.
A flurry of emerging treatment options is transforming the therapeutic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma; two new studies highlight the complexities and gaps in knowledge, but also hint at a greater understanding of how to apply immunotherapy in early and advanced disease.
Longitudinal analysis of stool samples reveals new insights into how the gut microbiome changes during immunotherapy. These findings could inform the application of microbiome-targeted interventions to maximize the outcomes of immune checkpoint blockade.
This study seeks to highlight the scientific, regulatory and operational issues around the use of polygenic risk scores in a diverse population. The work presented here provides a framework for laboratories, providers and researchers wishing to advance the field of preventative medicine.
Robust validation of biomarkers of aging will be critical to their clinical translation; here, authors review the key challenges and propose recommendations to overcome them.
In a prospective study involving 1,090 high-risk pregnancies, a comprehensive screening test of fetal cell-free DNA successfully detected pathogenic aneuploidies, microdeletions and monogenic variants linked to fetal anomalies. The inclusion of monogenic conditions alongside chromosomal abnormalities in this test resulted in a 60.7% increase in the detection rate for suspected fetal structural abnormalities.
A pilot trial of the WHO’s Labour Care Guide reveals important considerations for implementation and for future trials aimed at reducing the inappropriate use of cesarean section, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Senolytic therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) refractory to anti-VEGF treatment appears safe, and preliminary data suggest a therapeutic effect on visual acuity and macular thickness.
An AI-enabled chatbot increased self-referrals to psychological therapies for common mental health disorders; but further research is needed to ensure that better access translates into high-quality treatment experiences and outcomes for everyone.