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Emerging viral diseases present a huge and increasingly important global threat to public health systems. Graham and Sullivan discuss the challenges presented by emerging viral diseases and discuss how innovations in technology and policy can address this threat.
Kaplan reviews the development of skin-resident Langerhans cells and their unique functional roles that distinguish these cells from other skin antigen-presenting cells.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being increasingly appreciated as important regulators of gene expression. Chang and colleagues review the roles identified for lncRNAs in the immune system and discuss models for how lncRNAs mediate their effects.
Kroemer and colleagues discuss the mechanisms through which nutrition modulates metabolic, microbial and neuroendocrine circuitries that affect cancer development and the response to treatment.
Beyaert, Karin and colleagues discuss the key molecular mechanisms that contribute to the self-limiting nature of inflammatory signaling, with emphasis on the negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Magarian Blander and colleagues review the effects of the microbiome on innate and adaptive immunological players and how microbiota-derived bioactive molecules affect inflammation and the host response to infection, vaccination and cancer.
Kastner and colleagues review monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and their molecular mechanisms and explore the overlap among autoinflammation, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency.
Autoimmunity can arise when tolerance mechanisms break down. Theofilopoulos and colleagues review how loss of peripheral tolerance, often driven by innate nucleic-acid sensors, leads to the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes that underlie many autoimmune diseases.
Although interleukin 17 (IL-17) has modest activity on its own, it has a substantial impact in immunity through its synergistic action with other factors and its self-sustaining feedback loop. Veldhoen discusses the role of IL-17 during infections.
O’Shea and colleagues review recent advances in Jak–STAT biology, focusing on immune cell function, disease etiology and therapeutic intervention, as well as broader principles of gene regulation and signal-dependent transcription factors.
Microglia are by far the best-characterized macrophages in the CNS, but non-parenchymal populations, such as those found in the meninges, are being increasingly studied. Prinz et al. review the ontogeny and functions of both parenchymal macrophages and non-parenchymal macrophages the CNS.
Rosenberg and colleagues review evidence suggesting that T cells that target tumor neoantigens arising from cancer mutations are the main mediators of many effective cancer immunotherapies in humans.
Various neurotrophic pathogens are capable of infecting CNS tissues. Klein and colleagues review how immune responses and inflammation in the CNS affect brain function and mental status.
Engelhardt and colleagues review barriers separating blood from CSF and CNS parenchyma, how pathways draining solutes from CNS to lymph nodes exclude trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and how intravital microscopy has influenced debate on immune privilege of the CNS.
Enteric neurons and intestinal immune cells co-develop in response to common cues and communicate with each other to maintain organ function and host defense.
