Volume 13 Issue 11, November 2020

Time capsules of fluid, trapped within the oxide minerals from two iron ore deposits reveal an important role for sediment-derived carbonate–sulfate-rich melts in the concentration of iron, a crucial element for humanity’s development.

Simulations suggest a shift to a high sensitivity of Earth’s climate to increasing CO₂ can be attributed to the decline in the ice content in clouds as the climate warms.

Intensive irrigation in India cools the land surface, but increases the moist heat stress in South Asia, according to an analysis of observational datasets and meteorological models.

Observational evidence of cyanobacterial activity in the Antarctic Ocean suggests that nitrogen fixation could be a ubiquitous process in the global ocean.

Intermediate-depth waters in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were well equilibrated with the atmosphere through the last deglaciation, according to radiocarbon data from deep-sea corals.

The reduced Equator-to-pole temperature gradient during the Eocene greenhouse climate was maintained by elevated atmospheric humidity, according to temperature and precipitation isotope estimates from terrestrial siderite clumped isotopes.

The end-Permian mass extinction was linked with ocean acidification due to carbon degassing associated with Siberian Trap emplacement, according to boron isotopes from fossil shells and reconstruction of the carbon cycle.

Iron-rich carbonate–sulfate melts are fundamental to the formation of iron oxide–apatite ore deposits, according to a detailed fluid-inclusion study that characterized the mineralizing fluids for two mineralizing systems in the United States.

A link between post-thickening lithospheric extension and the differentiation of continental crust is implied by granulite conditions beneath the Rio Grande Rift, inferred from analysis of lower-crustal xenoliths and thermobarometric modelling.