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The material properties of the Earth’s core have been better constrained by recent technical and computational advances. The properties imply that the core was once hot, but is cooling quickly, and the inner core is young.
The solar wind, cometary ices, and inner Solar System bodies exhibit distinct nitrogen isotopic compositions. A synthesis of these analyses suggests that these distinct reservoirs may be the result of early fractionation processes.
The atmospheric layer that lies above Earth's weather systems can exert a strong downward influence. A review of this influence on storm tracks and surface weather suggests that the dynamical links between the layers hold across timescales.
