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The cryo-electron microscopy structure of human γ-secretase in complex with its substrate Notch reveals pronounced structural rearrangements compared to the apo enzyme, including formation of a β-sheet involving residues from both enzyme and substrate.
In mice, synaptic potentiation of transmission from the orbitofrontal cortex to the dorsal striatum drives compulsive reinforcement, a defining symptom of addiction.
Despite inter-model differences in predicting the details of the eastern Pacific El Niño, a robust increase in the corresponding sea surface temperature variability under greenhouse warming is found across models.
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of connexin channels composed of connexin 46 and connexin 50 in an open-state reveal features that govern permselectivity and the location of mutated residues linked to herediatry cataracts.
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the gp120 component of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, in complex with the primary receptor CD4 and coreceptor CCR5, provides insight into the cell-entry mechanism of HIV-1.
The presence of blubber and distribution of melanophores in a countershading pattern in an Early Jurassic ichthyosaur demonstrate that the evolutionary convergence of these reptiles with extant marine amniotes extends to the cellular and molecular levels.
Pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA2 region in mice promote social aggression via a disinhibitory circuit involving the lateral septum and ventromedial hypothalamus.
Combinatorial tagging of single cells using expressed DNA barcodes, delivered by a lentiviral vector, is used to track individual cells and reconstruct their lineages and trajectories during cell fate reprogramming.
A scalable spintronic device operating via spin–orbit transduction and magnetoelectric switching and using advanced quantum materials shows non-volatility and improved performance and energy efficiency compared with CMOS devices.
Recruitment of NLRP3 to the dispersed trans-Golgi network via binding to PtdIns4P is required for activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by diverse stimuli.
The plant F-box protein D3 has a C-terminal α-helix that switches between two conformational states, allowing the α/β hydrolase D14 to recruit the transcription repressor D53 for strigolactone-dependent degradation.
Genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data derived from the Mediterranean amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) provide insights into the evolution of the genomic regulatory landscape of chordates.
The gene for the amyloid precursor protein (APP) shows somatic gene recombination in neurons, and the abundance and diversity of APP variants is increased in neurons from individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.
Accounting for meltwater from the Antarctic Ice Sheet in simulations of global climate leads to substantial changes in future climate projections and identifies a potential feedback mechanism that exacerbates melting.
With global warming, Andean forests are changing to include more trees of low-elevation, heat-loving species but rates of compositional change are not uniform across elevations and are insufficient to keep species in equilibrium with climate.
Climate model simulations reveal that recent destructive tropical cyclones would have been equally intense in terms of wind speed but would have produced less rainfall if these events had occurred in pre-industrial climates, and in future climates they would have greater wind speeds and rainfall.
Transcriptomes of about 70,000 single cells from first-trimester deciduas and placentas reveal subsets of perivascular, stromal and natural killer cells in the decidua, with distinct immunomodulatory profiles that regulate the environment necessary for successful placentation.
An improved, fully re-annotated Aedes aegypti genome assembly (AaegL5) provides insights into the sex-determining M locus, chemosensory systems that help mosquitoes to hunt humans and loci involved in insecticide resistance and will help to generate intervention strategies to fight this deadly disease vector.