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A three-dimensional model of neural activity and phenomenal-behavioral patterns

Molecular Psychiatry (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

How phenomenal experience and behavior are related to neural activity in physiology and psychopathology represents a fundamental question in neuroscience and psychiatry. The phenomenal-behavior patterns may be deconstructed into basic dimensions, i.e., psychomotricity, affectivity, and thought, which might have distinct neural correlates. This work provides a data overview on the relationship of these phenomenal-behavioral dimensions with brain activity across physiological and pathological conditions (including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, addictive disorders, Parkinson’s disease, Tourette syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, and frontotemporal dementia). Accordingly, we propose a three-dimensional model of neural activity and phenomenal-behavioral patterns. In this model, neural activity is organized into distinct units in accordance with connectivity patterns and related input/output processing, manifesting in the different phenomenal-behavioral dimensions. (1) An external neural unit, which involves the sensorimotor circuit/brain’s sensorimotor network and is connected with the external environment, processes external inputs/outputs, manifesting in the psychomotor dimension (processing of exteroception/somatomotor activity). External unit hyperactivity manifests in psychomotor excitation (hyperactivity/hyperkinesia/catatonia), while external unit hypoactivity manifests in psychomotor inhibition (retardation/hypokinesia/catatonia). (2) An internal neural unit, which involves the interoceptive-autonomic circuit/brain’s salience network and is connected with the internal/body environment, processes internal inputs/outputs, manifesting in the affective dimension (processing of interoception/autonomic activity). Internal unit hyperactivity manifests in affective excitation (anxiety/dysphoria-euphoria/panic), while internal unit hypoactivity manifests in affective inhibition (anhedonia/apathy/depersonalization). (3) An associative neural unit, which involves the brain’s associative areas/default-mode network and is connected with the external/internal units (but not with the environment), processes associative inputs/outputs, manifesting in the thought dimension (processing of ideas). Associative unit hyperactivity manifests in thought excitation (mind-wandering/repetitive thinking/psychosis), while associative unit hypoactivity manifests in thought inhibition (inattention/cognitive deficit/consciousness loss). Finally, these neural units interplay and dynamically combine into various neural states, resulting in the complex phenomenal experience and behavior across physiology and neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Fig. 1: Three-dimensional model of neural activity and phenomenal-behavioral patterns—Neural units and phenomenal-behavioral dimensions.
Fig. 2: Three-dimensional model of neural activity and phenomenal-behavioral patterns—Neural states and phenomenal-behavioral states.

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Acknowledgements

MM received support from the Taiwan National Science and Technology Council (109-2314-B-038-139-MY2; 111-2314-B-038-064), from Taipei Medical University (TMU108-AE1-B56; TMU112-F-001), and from Higher Education Sprout Project of the Taiwan Ministry of Education. PM received support from the Taiwan National Science and Technology Council (109-2314-B-038-138-MY2; 110-2628-B-038-015; 111-2628-B-038-023; 112-2628-B-038-006) and from Taipei Medical University (TMU111-AE1-B38).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Matteo Martino, Paola Magioncalda.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Institute of Mind Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Matteo Martino & Paola Magioncalda

  2. International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Paola Magioncalda

  3. Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan

    Paola Magioncalda

  4. Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan

    Paola Magioncalda

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  1. Matteo Martino
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MM and PM conceived the model, performed the work, and wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Matteo Martino or Paola Magioncalda.

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Martino, M., Magioncalda, P. A three-dimensional model of neural activity and phenomenal-behavioral patterns. Mol Psychiatry (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02356-w

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