Repeated antigenic and inflammatory stimulation during chronic infection is thought to produce 'exhausted' T cells. However, persistent viruses also generate PD-1hi CD8+ T cells with proliferative and cytotoxic ability but 'censored' inflammatory function.
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Salek-Ardakani, S., Schoenberger, S. T cell exhaustion: a means or an end?. Nat Immunol 14, 531–533 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2619
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2619
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