Measurements of directional travel speed of seismic waves constrain flow in the upper mantle. Laboratory experiments suggest that high pressure can change the mantle's mineral alignment, leading to a 90° offset in the direction of the fastest seismic waves.
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Long, M. Going with the mantle flow. Nature Geosci 2, 10–11 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo398
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo398
